The variance shared across forms of childhood trauma is strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Kristjansson, Sean; McCutcheon, Vivia V; Agrawal, Arpana; Lynskey, Michael T; Conroy, Elizabeth; Statham, Dixie J; Madden, Pamela A F; Henders, Anjali K; Todorov, Alexandre A; Bucholz, Kathleen K; Degenhardt, Louisa; Martin, Nicholas G; Heath, Andrew C; Nelson, Elliot C
- Year
- 2016
- Journal
- Brain and behavior
- PMID
- 26811803
- DOI
- 10.1002/brb3.432
- PMCID
- PMC4720689
INTRODUCTION: Forms of childhood trauma tend to co-occur and are associated with increased risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. Commonly used binary measures of trauma exposure have substantial limitations. METHODS: We performed multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), separately by sex, using data from the Childhood Trauma (CT) Study's sample of twins and siblings (N = 2594) to derive three first-order factors (childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and parental partner abuse) and, as hypothesized, one higher order, childhood trauma factor (CTF) representing a measure of their common variance. RESULTS: CFA produced a good-fitting model in the CT Study; we replicated the model in the Comorbidity and Trauma (CAT) Study's sample (N = 1981) of opioid-dependent cases and controls. In both samples, first-order factors are moderately correlated (indicating they measure largely unique, but related constructs) and their loadings on the CTF suggest it provides a reasonable measure of their common variance. We examined the association of CTF score with risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders in these samples and the OZ-ALC GWAS sample (N = 1538) in which CT Study factor loadings were applied. We found that CTF scores are strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders in all three samples; estimates of risk are extremely consistent across samples. CONCLUSIONS: The CTF is a continuous, robust measure that captures the common variance across forms of childhood trauma and provides a means to estimate shared liability while avoiding multicollinearity.
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