Co-occurring risk factors for alcohol dependence and habitual smoking: update on findings from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Grucza, Richard A; Bierut, Laura J
- Year
- 2006
- Journal
- Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
- PMID
- 17373405
- PMCID
- PMC6527048
Habitual smoking and alcohol dependence frequently co-occur, and the genetic factors that influence both conditions appear to overlap. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has investigated genetic factors that contribute to both alcohol dependence and habitual smoking. Using a sample of families densely affected with alcohol dependence, COGA investigators have identified regions of the genome likely to contain genes that specifically contribute to alcohol dependence and habitual smoking, as well as regions likely to contain genes that contribute to the development of both conditions. Further genetic analyses (i.e., candidate gene studies) have helped identify specific genes that may contribute to the development of alcohol dependence and habitual smoking. These analyses have implicated several genes that encode parts of receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the development of alcohol or nicotine dependence, respectively. Other studies have identified additional candidate genes for alcohol or nicotine dependence. The results to date suggest that both common and drug-specific genetic influences play a role in the development of alcohol and nicotine dependence.
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| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β GABA Receptor Genes | Thus, it appears that GABA receptors play a role in the development of both alcohol and nicotineβ¦ |
| 21 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β GABA Receptor Genes | Hence, these genetic analyses suggest that variations in GABA receptors are involved in both alcoholβ¦ |
| 22 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β GABA Receptor Genes | In summary, variations in the GABRA2 gene are associated with differences in electrophysiologicalβ¦ |
| 23 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes | Although the studies reviewed in detail here have focused on the association between the GABA systemβ¦ |
| 24 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes β Genes Potentially Associated with Multiple Disorders | Linkage analyses by COGA investigators suggested that a region on chromosome 7 also was associatedβ¦ |
| 25 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes β Genes Potentially Associated with Multiple Disorders | Linkage analyses demonstrated that the region containing the CHRM2 gene contributed toβ¦ |
| 26 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes β Genes Potentially Associated with Multiple Disorders | Other genes involved in important nerve cell signaling pathways, such as those using theβ¦ |
| 27 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes β Genes Specific for Alcohol or Nicotine Dependence | Variants of genes involved in the breakdown (i.e., metabolism) of alcohol are among the mostβ¦ |
| 28 | Candidate Gene Association Studies for Alcohol and Nicotine Dependence β Other Candidate Genes β Genes Specific for Alcohol or Nicotine Dependence | Likewise, genes involved in nicotine metabolismβfor example, genes encoding a family of enzymesβ¦ |
| 29 | Conclusion | In recent years, technological advances have vastly increased researchersβ ability to preciselyβ¦ |
| 30 | Conclusion | A wealth of data suggests that common genetic pathways are involved in the development of alcohol⦠|
| 31 | Conclusion | Genetic studies are uniquely capable of providing insight into the biological pathways involved in⦠|
β Prev
21β32 of 32
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| acetaldehyde | drug |
| acetic acid | drug |
| acetylcholine | drug |
| addiction | phenotype |
| ADH | gene |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| ALDH2 | gene |
| behavioral disorders | phenotype |
| behavioral variables | phenotype |
| Central nervous system hyperexcitability local | phenotype |
| cholinergic agonists | drug |
| CHRM2 | gene |
| Chromosome 2 region local | gene |
| Chromosome 3 region local | gene |
| Chromosome 7 region local | variant |
| chromosome 9 region local | gene |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| COGA sample | cohort |
| Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) | cohort |
| comorbid alcoholism and depression | phenotype |
| cytochrome P450 | gene |
| Dependence on alcohol and other drugs local | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| disease susceptibility | phenotype |
| disease susceptibility gene local | gene |
| dopamine | drug |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| electrophysiological differences local | phenotype |
| electrophysiologic measures local | phenotype |
| endogenous opioids | drug |
| families | cohort |
| family history positive | phenotype |
| family members | cohort |
| GABA | phenotype |
| GABAA receptor | drug |
| GABAB receptor | drug |
| GABA system local | gene |
| Gabbr2 | gene |
| GABRA2 | gene |
| Gabra4 | gene |
| GABRB1 | gene |
| Gabrg1 | gene |
| gene | gene |
| Gene_near_marker local | gene |
| genes | gene |
| genetic marker | variant |
| habitual smoking | phenotype |
| Human Genome Project | cohort |
| M2 receptor | drug |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptor | drug |
| other drugs | drug |
| P300 amplitude | phenotype |
| P300 brain waves local | anatomy |
| P300 component | phenotype |
| personality traits | phenotype |
| phenotype1 local | phenotype |
| probands | cohort |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| related disorders | phenotype |
| risk factor | phenotype |
| Second stage families local | cohort |
| sedative effects | phenotype |
| serotonin | drug |
| sibling pairs | cohort |
| siblings | cohort |
| Siblings of alcohol-dependent proband local | cohort |
| single-nucleotide polymorphism | variant |
| smoking | phenotype |
| smoking behaviors | phenotype |
| smoking-related behavior local | phenotype |
| stress response | phenotype |
| Unrelated probands and controls local | cohort |
| Vulnerability to addictions local | phenotype |
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