Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene association with nicotine dependence.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Chen, Xiangning; Williamson, Vernell S; An, Seon-Sook; Hettema, John M; Aggen, Steven H; Neale, Michael C; Kendler, Kenneth S
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 18606954
- DOI
- 10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.816
- PMCID
- PMC2733353
CONTEXT: The endogenous cannabinoid system has been implicated in drug addiction in animal models. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene is 1 of the 2 receptors expressed in the brain. It has been reported to be associated with alcoholism and multiple drug abuse and dependence. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the CNR1 gene is associated with nicotine dependence. DESIGN: Genotype-phenotype association study. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in the CNR1 gene in 2 independent samples. For the first sample (n = 688), a 3-group case-control design was used to test allele association with smoking initiation and nicotine dependence. For the second sample (n = 961), association was assessed with scores from the FagerstrΓΆm Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Settings Population samples selected from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry. PARTICIPANTS: White patients aged 18 to 65 years who met the criteria of inclusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FagerstrΓΆm Tolerance Questionnaire and FTND scores. RESULTS: Significant single-marker and haplotype associations were found in both samples, and the associations were female specific. Haplotype 1-1-2 of markers rs2023239-rs12720071-rs806368 was associated with nicotine dependence and FTND score in the 2 samples (P < .001 and P = .009, respectively). CONCLUSION: Variants and haplotypes in the CNR1 gene may alter the risk for nicotine dependence, and the associations are likely sex specific.
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