Intergenerational continuity in parents' and adolescents' externalizing problems: The role of life events and their interaction with GABRA2.

paper Primary Public

Authors: Salvatore, Jessica E; Meyers, Jacquelyn L; Yan, Jia; Aliev, Fazil; Lansford, Jennifer E; Pettit, Gregory S; Bates, John E; Dodge, Kenneth A; Rose, Richard J; Pulkkinen, Lea; Kaprio, Jaakko; Dick, Danielle M
Year: 2015
Journal: Journal of abnormal psychology
PMID: 26075969
DOI: 10.1037/abn0000066
PMCID: PMC4573794

Figure 1

Panel A plots Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) adolescent externalizing as a function of life events (high = +1 SD above the mean, low = −1 SD below the mean) and the number of copies of the minor allele for GABRA2 SNP rs279871 for the model including parental antisocial behavior in the Child Development Project sample. Panel B further delineates the shape of the interaction for the model including parental antisocial behavior as a function of GABRA2 SNP rs279871 and high and low life events for an illustrative time point (age 12). Bars represent the standard errors of the estimates.

Figure 2

Strength of the association (depicted as standardized betas) between life events, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) externalizing (left), and Teacher Report Form (TRF) externalizing (right) as a function of the number of copies of the minor allele for GABRA2 SNP rs279871 for the models including parental antisocial behavior (panel A) and parental alcohol problems (panel B) in the Child Development Project sample. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals for the estimates.

Figure 3

Teacher Report Form (TRF) externalizing as a function of life events (high = +1 SD above the mean, low = −1 SD below the mean) and the number of copies of the minor allele for GABRA2 SNP rs279871 for the model including parental antisocial behavior (panel A) in the Child Development Project sample. Panel B further delineates the shape of the interaction for the model including parental antisocial behavior as a function of GABRA2 SNP rs279871 and high and low life events for an illustrative time point (age 12). Bars represent the standard errors of the estimates.

Figure 4

Teacher-reported adolescent externalizing as a function of life events (high = +1 SD above the mean, low = −1 SD below the mean) and the number of copies of the minor allele for GABRA2 SNP rs279871 for the model including parental antisocial behavior in the FinnTwin12 sample. Bars represent the standard errors of the estimates.

Figure 5

Strength of the association (depicted as standardized betas) between life events and teacher-reported adolescent externalizing as a function of the number of copies of the minor allele for GABRA2 SNP rs279871 for the models including parental antisocial behavior (panel A) and parental alcohol dependence symptoms (panel B) in the FinnTwin12 sample. Bars represent the 95% confidence intervals for the estimates.

#	Section	Preview
20	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	where β1 is the intercept, β2 is the slope for the linear time term (t), β3 is effect of sex on…
21	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	Life Events Predicting Adolescent Externalizing
22	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	where β1 is the intercept, β2 is the slope for the linear time term, β3 is the effect of life…
23	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	We then tested whether life events interacted with adolescent GABRA2 genotype to predict adolescent…
24	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	Where β1 is the intercept, β2 is the slope for the linear time term, β3 is the effect of life…
25	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	We ran the analyses in the nlme package version 3.1–117 (Pinheiro et al., 2014) in R version 3.0.3…
26	Method — Analytic Plan — CDP	To test the robustness of our effects against potential confounders, we performed supplementary…
27	Method — Analytic Plan — FinnTwin12	Analyses were run in the same statistical software program for the CDP sample to account for the…
28	Results — CDP Representativeness Analyses, Descriptive Statistics, and Zero-Order Correlations	A series of dropout-control comparisons indicated that the subsample examined here did not…
29	Results — CDP Representativeness Analyses, Descriptive Statistics, and Zero-Order Correlations	Descriptive statistics and zero-order correlations among the parental externalizing problems, life…
30	Results — CDP Representativeness Analyses, Descriptive Statistics, and Zero-Order Correlations	On a zero-order level, parental antisocial behavior was, in general, positively related to life…
31	Results — Testing For Indirect Effects in CDP	Higher parental antisocial behavior (B = 2.23, t(318) = 6.63, p < .01, R2 = 9.92%) and alcohol…
32	Results — Testing For Indirect Effects in CDP	Life events did not predict cross-lagged CBCL externalizing (B = 0.16, t(1230) = 1.23, p < .21, R2 =…
33	Results — Testing For Indirect Effects in CDP	after controlling for the main effect of parental alcohol problems (B = 2.27, t(281)= 5.92, p <…
34	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	We tested whether life events interacted with GABRA2 genotype to predict cross-lagged CBCL…
35	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	Above and beyond these main effects, the life events × GABRA2 interaction effects reached…
36	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	CBCL externalizing for those with no copies of the minor allele (β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.001, 0.12]),…
37	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	The TRF externalizing results were similar to the CBCL externalizing results. In terms of main…
38	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	Figure 2 illustrates how the strength of the association (depicted as standardized betas) between…
39	Results — Testing for Moderated Indirect Effects in CDP	In a series of exploratory analyses we examined whether sex further modified the interaction between…

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
A genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of European ancestry.	2017	28040410
An endophenotype approach to the genetics of alcohol dependence: a genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of African ancestry.	2017	28070124
Genetic influences on adolescent behavior.	2016	27422449

External

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Genetics of child aggression, a systematic review.	Koyama E et al.	—	2024	→
Intergenerational transmission of psychopathology: An examination of symptom severity and directionality.	Marceau K et al.	—	2022	→
Academic performance, externalizing disorders and depression: 26,000 adolescents followed into adulthood.	Sörberg Wallin A et al.	—	2019	→
FinnTwin12 Cohort: An Updated Review.	Rose RJ et al.	—	2019	→
Intergenerational continuity in alcohol misuse: Maternal alcohol use disorder and the sequelae of maternal and family functioning.	Johnson AK et al.	—	2019	→
The influence of parental offending on the continuity and discontinuity of children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties from early to middle childhood.	Whitten T et al.	—	2019	→
Development of aggression.	Lansford JE	—	2018	→
A genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of European ancestry.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2017	→
An endophenotype approach to the genetics of alcohol dependence: a genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of African ancestry.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2017	→
Stressful life events increase aggression and alcohol use in young carriers of the GABRA2 rs279826/rs279858 A-allele.	Kiive E et al.	—	2017	→
Genetic influences on adolescent behavior.	Dick DM et al.	—	2016	→