Gene--environment-wide association studies: emerging approaches.
- Authors
- Thomas, Duncan
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Nature reviews. Genetics
- PMID
- 20212493
- DOI
- 10.1038/nrg2764
- PMCID
- PMC2891422
Despite the yield of recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies, the identified variants explain only a small proportion of the heritability of most complex diseases. This unexplained heritability could be partly due to gene--environment (GΓE) interactions or more complex pathways involving multiple genes and exposures. This Review provides a tutorial on the available epidemiological designs and statistical analysis approaches for studying specific GΓE interactions and choosing the most appropriate methods. I discuss the approaches that are being developed for studying entire pathways and available techniques for mining interactions in GWA data. I also explore methods for marrying hypothesis-driven pathway-based approaches with 'agnostic' GWA studies.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 1000 Genomes Project | cohort |
| addiction | phenotype |
| ADRB2 | gene |
| air pollution | drug |
| Albuterol local | drug |
| allergen local | drug |
| Allergen local | drug |
| Allergen & Diesel Exhaust Particles Challenge Study local | cohort |
| anti-oxidant intake local | drug |
| ARIC | cohort |
| associated SNPs | cohort |
| asthma | phenotype |
| Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study local | cohort |
| ATM | gene |
| biobanks | cohort |
| bladder cancer | phenotype |
| body weight | phenotype |
| BRCA1 | gene |
| BRCA2 | gene |
| Case-cohort local | cohort |
| case-control sample | cohort |
| case-parent trios local | cohort |
| cases | cohort |
| case-sibling local | cohort |
| causal variant | cohort |
| CHEK2 | gene |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| colorectal cancer | phenotype |
| Contralateral breast cancer local | phenotype |
| controls | cohort |
| Co-pollutants local | drug |
| coronary heart disease | phenotype |
| CYP1A2 | gene |
| diesel exhaust particles local | drug |
| Diesel exhaust particles local | drug |
| discordant sibship local | cohort |
| disease | phenotype |
| disease risk | phenotype |
| DNA methylation | drug |
| DNA repair genes local | gene |
| E local | other |
| early-onset diseases local | phenotype |
| epidemiologic studies local | cohort |
| estrogen plus progestin local | drug |
| ethnic groups | cohort |
| exposure | phenotype |
| First breast cancer local | phenotype |
| Forced Expiratory Volume local | phenotype |
| fruit consumption local | phenotype |
| functional SNP | cohort |
| GΓE interaction | phenotype |
| gene g | gene |
| genetically susceptible individuals local | phenotype |
| genetic variants | cohort |
| genome-wide expression local | phenotype |
| GSTM1 local | gene |
| GSTM1 null local | variant |
| GSTP1 local | gene |
| GSTP1 I/I local | variant |
| GSTT1 local | gene |
| Histamine local | phenotype |
| Human Genome Epidemiology Network local | cohort |
| IgE local | phenotype |
| immunologic markers local | phenotype |
| inhalants | drug |
| intima media thickness local | phenotype |
| Israel et al. clinical trial local | cohort |
| lung growth local | phenotype |
| Metabolic markers local | phenotype |
| metabolite concentration ratios local | phenotype |
| metabolite phenotypes local | phenotype |
| missing heritability | phenotype |
| Multiple rare variants local | variant |
| mutations | variant |
| NAT2 | gene |
| Nested case-control local | cohort |
| occupational exposures local | drug |
| oral contraceptives local | drug |
| ovarian cancer | phenotype |
| Particles local | drug |
| Particulate air pollution local | drug |
| pedigrees | cohort |
| Radiation therapy local | drug |
| radiotherapy local | drug |
| Radiotherapy local | drug |
| rare disease | phenotype |
| Rare risk factor local | phenotype |
| rare variant | cohort |
| red meat local | drug |
| Risk-associated haplotype local | variant |
| Risk index local | variant |
| small-interfering RNAs local | drug |
| smoking | phenotype |
| SNP | cohort |
| Southern California Children's Health Study local | cohort |
| study cohort | cohort |
| thrombosis biomarkers local | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| Twin cohort | cohort |
| Unilateral breast cancer local | phenotype |
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