Contributions of studies on alcohol use disorders to understanding cerebellar function.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Zahr, Natalie M; Pitel, Anne-Lise; Chanraud, Sandra; Sullivan, Edith V
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Neuropsychology review
- PMID
- 20809198
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11065-010-9141-y
- PMCID
- PMC2998898
Neuropathological, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging studies of human alcoholism provide evidence for degradation of frontal, pontine, thalamic, and cerebellar brain sites and disturbed associated functions. Current studies using neuroimaging combined with examination of executive functions, traditionally considered the sole purview of the frontal lobes, have identified a role for the cerebellum serving as a compensatory processing adjunct to enable normal performance on challenging tasks tapping executive functions. This overview proposes that disruption of an executive frontocerebellar network is a major contributor to characteristic behaviors of alcoholism that, on the one hand, enable alcohol use disorders, and on the other hand, lead to compensation for dysfunctions in alcoholism traditionally considered frontally-based.
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| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders | The following sections review the literature regarding brains of alcoholics from a neuropathological⦠|
| 1 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Neuropathology | Classical postmortem neuropathology studies identified damage to nodes of the frontocerebellarβ¦ |
| 2 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Neuropathology | excessive alcohol consumption adversely affects the pons (Adams et al., 1959) and thalamus (Kril andβ¦ |
| 3 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Neuropathology | In addition to volume shrinkage of the major gray matter nodes of the frontocerebellar circuit,β¦ |
| 4 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Neuropathology | 1999). However, there are no obvious microscopic white matter lesions in the cerebral hemispheres ofβ¦ |
| 5 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Structural Neuroimaging | Comporting with postmortem findings, computed tomography (CT) and MRI studies reveal brain volumeβ¦ |
| 6 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Structural Neuroimaging | a relatively rare and serious condition that can result in quadriplegia and curtailed longevityβ¦ |
| 7 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Structural Neuroimaging | The existence of a structural scaffolding for the frontocerebellar circuitry in alcoholism has beenβ¦ |
| 8 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) | Whereas structural MRI provides measurement of regional tissue expressed as a volume over multipleβ¦ |
| 9 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) | two components: axial (longitudinal) diffusivity (Ξ»L), which can be altered with disruption ofβ¦ |
| 10 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) | Studies using DTI have detected untoward effects of alcoholism on the microstructure of whiteβ¦ |
| 11 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) | running between the midbrain and the pons in alcoholics than controls (Chanraud et al., 2009).β¦ |
| 12 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful noninvasive approach for the identification,β¦ |
| 13 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) | Studies of recently detoxified alcoholics (1 β 6 weeks) show abnormally low levels of NAA,β¦ |
| 14 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) | et al., 2007). Such changes in the biochemical status of discrete brain regions are reinforced byβ¦ |
| 15 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) | When metabolites were evaluated as a function of the likelihood of relapse, only patients thatβ¦ |
| 16 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Functional neuroimaging | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides assessment of the utilization of blood oxygenβ¦ |
| 17 | Brain Structures and Systems Affected in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders β Functional neuroimaging | A study employing the Sternberg verbal working memory task reported similar levels of performanceβ¦ |
| 18 | Brain Structure/Function Relationships in Alcohol Use Disorders | Quantitative studies of brain structure and motor function have revealed the traditionally accepted⦠|
| 19 | Brain Structure/Function Relationships in Alcohol Use Disorders | In addition to these motor-based relations with the condition of the cerebellum and pons, other⦠|
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Next β
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| abstinence | phenotype |
| addiction | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcoholics with a history of thiamine deficiency local | cohort |
| alcoholics with exceptionally high levels of alcohol consumption local | cohort |
| Alcoholics with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome local | cohort |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| Anterior lobe local | anatomy |
| ataxia | phenotype |
| auditory-verbal-learning test performance local | phenotype |
| axial diffusivity | phenotype |
| axonal deletion local | phenotype |
| axonal integrity | phenotype |
| axonal (Wallerian) degeneration local | phenotype |
| basal ganglia | anatomy |
| Bilateral extrastriate cortices local | anatomy |
| Body sway | phenotype |
| Brain Volume Deficits local | phenotype |
| brain white matter | anatomy |
| Central pontine myelinolysis | phenotype |
| Central pontine sites local | anatomy |
| cerebellar cortex | anatomy |
| cerebellar hemisphere | anatomy |
| cerebellar region | anatomy |
| Cerebellar systems local | anatomy |
| cerebellar vermis | anatomy |
| Cerebellar white matter volume reduction local | phenotype |
| cerebellum | anatomy |
| cerebral hemispheres | anatomy |
| Cho | drug |
| choline | drug |
| Chronic Alcohol Dependent Subjects local | cohort |
| chronic alcoholism | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| cognitive flexibility | phenotype |
| controls | cohort |
| Corticocerebellar fiber systems local | anatomy |
| Corticopontine pathway local | anatomy |
| CPM | phenotype |
| Curtailed Longevity local | phenotype |
| demyelination | phenotype |
| denial | phenotype |
| Diffusion Tensor Imaging local | phenotype |
| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| dorsomedial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| excessive alcohol consumption | phenotype |
| Executive deficits local | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| Fluency local | phenotype |
| fractional anisotropy | phenotype |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| Frontal fiber bundles local | anatomy |
| frontal lobe white matter local | anatomy |
| frontocerebellar circuitry | anatomy |
| Frontocerebellar network local | anatomy |
| granular layer | anatomy |
| gray matter | anatomy |
| human alcoholic subjects local | cohort |
| implicit learning local | phenotype |
| increase in water content of frontal lobe white matter local | phenotype |
| individuals that relapsed local | cohort |
| Inferior fiber bundles local | anatomy |
| infratentorial tissue local | anatomy |
| lateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Left extrastriate cortex local | anatomy |
| left prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Letter-number sequencing local | phenotype |
| Maximum daily alcohol consumption local | drug |
| mean diffusivity | phenotype |
| microscopic white matter lesions local | phenotype |
| Microstructural degradation local | phenotype |
| midbrain | anatomy |
| molecular layer | anatomy |
| motor coordination | phenotype |
| motor cortex | anatomy |
| myelin integrity local | phenotype |
| Myelin Integrity local | phenotype |
| NAA | drug |
| N-acetylaspartate | drug |
| neuronal integrity | phenotype |
| Nonverbal fluency local | phenotype |
| pallidum | anatomy |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| patients that relapsed within 3 weeks of detoxification local | cohort |
| pons | anatomy |
| Pontine relaxation times local | phenotype |
| Poor performance on tasks local | phenotype |
| Posterior fiber bundles local | anatomy |
| posterior inferior vermis local | anatomy |
| postural instability local | phenotype |
| precuneus | anatomy |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| procedural learning | phenotype |
| Quadriplegia local | phenotype |
| radial diffusivity | phenotype |
| Recently detoxified alcoholics local | cohort |
| reduction in white matter volume local | phenotype |
| relapse | phenotype |
| Right superior cerebellum local | anatomy |
| Stroop task | phenotype |
| Structural MRI local | phenotype |
| Superior fiber bundles local | anatomy |
| superior frontal cortex | anatomy |
| tCr | drug |
| thalamus | anatomy |
| thiamine | drug |
| thiamine deficiency | drug |
| those that remained abstinent local | cohort |
| Trail Making Test Part B local | phenotype |
| truncal tremor local | phenotype |
| uncomplicated alcoholics | phenotype |
| verbal fluency | phenotype |
| Vermal white matter local | anatomy |
| Vermal white matter loss local | phenotype |
| Visual search local | phenotype |
| Visuospatial deficits | phenotype |
| visuospatial learning and memory performance local | phenotype |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | phenotype |
| white matter | anatomy |
| white matter disruption local | phenotype |
| White matter impairment local | phenotype |
| white matter shrinkage local | phenotype |
| White matter volume shrinkage local | phenotype |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting test local | phenotype |
| working memory | phenotype |
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