Novelty P3 reductions in depression: characterization using principal components analysis (PCA) of current source density (CSD) waveforms.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Tenke, Craig E; Kayser, Jürgen; Stewart, Jonathan W; Bruder, Gerard E
Year: 2010
Journal: Psychophysiology
PMID: 19761526
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00880.x
PMCID: PMC3345565

Figure 1

Grand average nose-referenced surface potential (ERP) waveforms for correct targets, nontargets, and novels at all 67 recording sites. Components N1, target-P3b, and novelty P3 are indicated at sites C3, POz, and Cz.

Figure 2

Surface Laplacian (CSD) waveforms corresponding to the ERPs shown in Figure 1. Components N1 sink, target-P3b source, and novelty P3 source are indicated at sites C3, POz, and Cz. Scale: negative-up (sink).

Figure 3

A: Unrestricted temporal PCA solution for CSD waveforms. Factor loadings waveforms of first six factor extracted (by variance). Labels indicate factor loadings peak latency. B: Corresponding average factor score topographies of first six factors for correct nontargets, targets, and novels. Factors are identified by peak latency and percent of variance accounted for (in parentheses). Scale: blue sink, red source.

Figure 4

Averaged midline CSD waveforms for depressed patients (bold gray) and healthy controls (black) for novels (left column), targets (center), and nontargets (right). Vertical lines indicate peak latencies of CSD-PCA factors of interest (labeled in AFz waveforms). For novels, a short latency sink (novelty N2) is followed by a source (novelty P3) at central sites (CPz, Cz), both of which are attenuated and delayed at anterior sites, where the peak latency approximates that observed for target P3. Scale: negative-up (sink).

Figure 5

Averaged CSD-PCA factor score topographies for the first six factors in each group for nontargets (top), targets (middle), and novels (bottom). Factors are indicated below by peak latency. The early midline 179 sink/241 source pattern is unique to novel stimuli, as is the reduction of the early 241 source in patients. Scale: blue sink, red source.

Figure 6

Across-study comparison of averaged midline CSD waveforms at Fz, Cz, and Pz for depressed patients and healthy controls for novels (left column), targets (center), and nontargets (right). Solid line: 67-channel study; dashed lines: previous 31-channel study. Despite amplitude differences, components were generally comparable in each study. Scale: negative-up (sink).

Figure 7

Comparison of unrestricted temporal PCA solutions for CSD waveforms in the two studies. A: Corresponding factor loadings waveforms for 67-channel (solid) and 31-channel (dashed) studies. Factors are unambiguous, despite minor waveform variations in morphology and relative amplitudes. Bold lines indicate the three factors representing the late positive complex. B: Factor score topographies of the three factors representing the late positive complex from the 31-channel study for correct nontargets, targets, and novels. Factors are identified by peak latency and percent of variance accounted for (in parentheses). Scale: blue sink, red source.

#	Section	Preview
40	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	Despite the general comparability of CSD-PCA solutions across oddball tasks, there were notable…
41	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	correct trials were included in the averaged waveforms. Task difficulty can also be ruled out, as…
42	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	The response to novel stimuli was characterized by the expected midline frontocentral P3 source,…
43	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	The early novelty source was preceded by an equally well-defined novelty N2 sink (179) at precisely…
44	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	PCA and independent components analysis (ICA) have previously been used to distinguish between P3…
45	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	ICA, which separated an anterior from a posterior cluster. The anterior cluster corresponded, in…
46	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	Using insights from spatiotemporal PCA, Spencer et al. (2001) emphasized the importance of…
47	Discussion — Novelty P3 and the CSD-PCA Factor Structure for the Novelty Oddball Task	as novelty P3 (P3a) and P3b (target P3), respectively, the time course and central topography of the…
48	Discussion — Novelty P3 and Depression	The novelty P3 source was localizable to the midline frontocentral region along the longitudinal…
49	Discussion — Novelty P3 and Depression	In addition to the novelty vertex source, the response-related F – CP+, which corresponds to a…
50	Discussion — Novelty P3 and Depression	Dysfunction of frontal cortex, and particularly the ACC, has been reported in depressed patients…
51	Discussion — Novelty P3 and Depression	it would suggest that a motor, rather than an attentional, process is impaired in depression.…
52	Discussion — CSD-PCA Topographies as Constraints on Deep Generators	Methods for identifying neuronal generators underlying a scalp-recorded ERP rely on the…
53	Discussion — CSD-PCA Topographies as Constraints on Deep Generators	Midline ERP generators have been inferred for phenomena spanning a range of cognitive and spectral…

Name	Type
above right eye local	anatomy
ACC	anatomy
AF7/8 local	anatomy
AFz local	anatomy
age	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
anhedonic forms of depression local	phenotype
anterior	anatomy
anterior cingulate cortex	anatomy
Anterior P3 local	phenotype
anxiety	phenotype
area 23 local	anatomy
area 24 local	anatomy
Attentional impairment local	phenotype
auditory meatus local	anatomy
Automatic Attentional Response to Novelty local	phenotype
below right eye local	anatomy
bipolar disorder	phenotype
brain electrical source analysis (BETA) local	other
C1/2 local	anatomy
C3/C4 local	anatomy
central midline local	anatomy
centroparietal	anatomy
centroparietal source local	anatomy
Centroparietal source local	anatomy
centroparietal source factor local	anatomy
cerebral hemispheres	anatomy
cingulate cortex	anatomy
cingulate sulcus	anatomy
comorbidity	phenotype
control	cohort
control group	cohort
controls	cohort
cortex	anatomy
CP1/2 local	anatomy
CP3/4 local	anatomy
CPz	anatomy
CSD analysis local	other
CSD laminar profile local	other
CSD-PCA factor local	phenotype
Current Replication local	cohort
Cz	anatomy
Depressed outpatients local	cohort
depressed patients	cohort
depression	phenotype
depression (BDI) local	phenotype
depression not otherwise specified local	phenotype
depressive disorder alone local	phenotype
Depressive disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder local	phenotype
Dichotic oddball task local	phenotype
dog bark local	drug
drug	drug
dysthymia	phenotype
early frontal P3 local	phenotype
early frontocentral positivity (P3a) local	phenotype
early novelty P3 local	phenotype
Early Novelty P3 local	phenotype
early P3 local	phenotype
Early P3 local	phenotype
electrodermal orienting response local	phenotype
enhanced N2 local	phenotype
ERN	phenotype
ERP	phenotype
error-related negativity	phenotype
F1/2 local	anatomy
F7/8 local	anatomy
factor 241 local	phenotype
factor 241 local	variant
factor 343 local	phenotype
factor 343 local	variant
factor 542 local	variant
F-CP+ component local	phenotype
FCz	anatomy
Friedman 2001 local	cohort
frontal attentional processes local	phenotype
frontal cortex	anatomy
frontal midline	anatomy
frontal novelty P3 local	phenotype
Frontal P3 local	phenotype
frontal P3 source local	anatomy
Frontal portion of the midline source local	anatomy
frontal sites	anatomy
frontal source local	anatomy
frontocentral	anatomy
Frontocentral novelty P3 local	anatomy
frontocentral P3 local	phenotype
Fz	anatomy
generator localization approaches local	other
Go/No-go P3 local	phenotype
gyrus rectus	anatomy
Handedness	phenotype
Head injury	phenotype
healthy controls	cohort
hearing loss	phenotype
Hit rate local	phenotype
hostility	phenotype
inferior frontal sulcus local	anatomy
Inferior Frontal Sulcus local	anatomy
inion local	anatomy
intracranial	anatomy
inverse models local	other
inverse solutions local	phenotype
larger sample (N=98) local	cohort
late frontally inverting positivity local	anatomy
late novelty P3 local	phenotype
late P3 local	phenotype
Late P3 local	phenotype
late positivity local	phenotype
lateral frontal lobe local	anatomy
lateral sites local	anatomy
Lateral surface of frontal lobes local	anatomy
lateral surface of temporal lobes local	anatomy
lateral temporoparietal local	anatomy
Late response-related source local	anatomy
left outer canthi local	anatomy
longitudinal fissure	anatomy
low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) local	other
Lycra stretch electrode cap local	drug
major depressive disorder	phenotype
medial parietal sites local	anatomy
melancholic local	phenotype
midfrontal local	anatomy
midfrontal sink local	anatomy
midfrontal site local	anatomy
mid-frontocentral sink local	anatomy
mid-frontocentral source local	anatomy
midline	anatomy
midline cingulate cortex local	anatomy
midline dipoles local	anatomy
midline frontal local	anatomy
Mid-line frontal P3 source local	anatomy
midline frontal sink local	anatomy
Midline frontal sites local	anatomy
midline frontocentral novelty P3 local	phenotype
midline frontocentral P3 source local	anatomy
Midline frontocentral region local	anatomy
Midline frontocentral sites local	anatomy
midline theta local	phenotype
midline topography local	anatomy
midparietal local	anatomy
N1 local	phenotype
N2a local	phenotype
N2 sink local	phenotype
nasion	anatomy
neurological disorders	phenotype
nicotine	drug
no-go P3	phenotype
nose	anatomy
novel stimuli local	phenotype
novelty ERP local	phenotype
novelty oddball task local	phenotype
Novelty oddball task local	phenotype
novelty P3	phenotype
Novelty P3 source local	anatomy
novelty response local	phenotype
novelty source local	phenotype
novelty vertex source local	anatomy
novelty vertex source local	phenotype
Novelty vertex source local	anatomy
Novelty Vertex Source local	anatomy
novelty vertex source (241) local	anatomy
Ohms law local	other
orbitofrontal cortex	anatomy
orienting response local	phenotype
ORP	phenotype
P1/2 local	anatomy
P3/4 local	anatomy
P3a amplitude	phenotype
P3b local	anatomy
P3b amplitude	phenotype
P3 source local	phenotype
P3 source (343) local	anatomy
P5/6 local	anatomy
P7/8 local	anatomy
parietal cortex	anatomy
parietal P3 local	phenotype
Parietal P3 local	anatomy
parietal P3b local	phenotype
Parietal P3b region local	anatomy
parietal P3b source local	anatomy
parietal P3 source local	anatomy
Parietal topography local	anatomy
participants	cohort
patient group	cohort
patients	cohort
patients with frontal lesions local	cohort
physical anhedonia local	phenotype
Physical anhedonia local	phenotype
PO1 local	anatomy
PO2 local	anatomy
PO3/4 local	anatomy
PO7/8 local	anatomy
Poisson’s source equation local	other
posterior	anatomy
posterior cingulate cortex	anatomy
posterior P3 local	phenotype
posterior site local	anatomy
Previous Study (Bruder et al.) local	cohort
primary auditory cortex	anatomy
psychopathology	phenotype
Pz	anatomy
radial scalp current density local	other
reaction time	phenotype
Reaction time to targets local	phenotype
response-related factor (F – CP+) local	phenotype
response-related F – CP+ local	anatomy
Response-related source local	anatomy
right outer canthi local	anatomy
scalp	anatomy
scalp-CSD topography local	phenotype
scalp data local	anatomy
secondary frontal source of factor 241 local	anatomy
secondary lateral frontal source local	anatomy
smaller sample (N=40) local	cohort
study cohort	cohort
Study cohort (98 participants) local	cohort
substance abuse	phenotype
supplementary motor area	anatomy
surface Laplacian local	other
SW local	phenotype
Sylvian fissure	anatomy
target P3b local	phenotype
target P3b source local	phenotype
Target P3 source local	anatomy
target-related P3b local	phenotype
temporal lobe	anatomy
temporal lobe regions local	anatomy
temporal N1	phenotype
Tonal oddball task local	phenotype
tonal stimuli local	phenotype
TP7/8 local	anatomy
vertex	anatomy
volume conduction model local	other
Volume-Reduced ERP local	phenotype

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Advances in Electrophysiological Research.	2015	26259089
Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review.	2015	25920962
The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies.	2015	25448264
Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task.	2014	24333745
Olfaction in the psychosis prodrome: electrophysiological and behavioral measures of odor detection.	2013	23856353
Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions.	2012	22796039
Current source density measures of electroencephalographic alpha predict antidepressant treatment response.	2011	21507383
Current source density (CSD) old/new effects during recognition memory for words and faces in schizophrenia and in healthy adults.	2010	19995583
ERP generator patterns in schizophrenia during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks: effects of response hand and silent count.	2010	21077570
Neuronal generator patterns of olfactory event-related brain potentials in schizophrenia.	2010	20456657
Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball task.	2009	19900720

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
The influence of social status and promise levels in trust games: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) study.	Li M et al.	—	2025	→
A systematic data-driven approach to analyze sensor-level EEG connectivity: Identifying robust phase-synchronized network components using surface Laplacian with spectral-spatial PCA.	Smith EE et al.	—	2022	→
Auditory event-related potentials in separating patients with depressive disorders and non-depressed controls: A narrative review.	Kangas ES et al.	—	2022	→
An event-related brain potential study of auditory attention in cochlear implant users.	Schierholz I et al.	—	2021	→
A systematic data-driven approach to analyze sensor-level EEG connectivity: Identifying robust phase-synchronized network components using surface Laplacian with spectral-spatial PCA	Smith EE et al.	—	2021	—
Behavioural and neurophysiological differences in working memory function of depressed patients and healthy controls.	Nikolin S et al.	—	2021	→
Use of cognitive event-related potentials in the management of psychiatric disorders: Towards an individual follow-up and multi-component clinical approach.	Campanella S	—	2021	→
Event-related neuronal responses to acoustic novelty in single-sided deaf cochlear implant users: Initial findings.	Bönitz H et al.	—	2018	→
Event-Related Potential Measures of Attention Capture in Adolescent Inpatients With Acute Suicidal Behavior.	Tavakoli P et al.	—	2018	→
Auditory Target and Novelty Processing in Patients with Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Current-Source Density Study.	Vilà-Balló A et al.	—	2017	→
Distinguishing shyness and sociability in adults: An event-related electrocortical-neuroendocrine study.	Tang A et al.	—	2016	→
Advances in Electrophysiological Research.	Kamarajan C et al.	—	2015	→
Issues and considerations for using the scalp surface Laplacian in EEG/ERP research: A tutorial review.	Kayser J et al.	—	2015	→
Posterior EEG alpha at rest and during task performance: Comparison of current source density and field potential measures.	Tenke CE et al.	—	2015	→
Surface Laplacians (SL) and phase properties of EEG rhythms: Simulated generators in a volume-conduction model.	Tenke CE et al.	—	2015	→
The P300 component wave reveals differences in subclinical anxious-depressive states during bimodal oddball tasks: An effect of stimulus congruence.	Delle-Vigne D et al.	—	2015	→
The use of current source density as electrophysiological correlates in neuropsychiatric disorders: A review of human studies.	Kamarajan C et al.	—	2015	→
Auditory event-related potentials and α oscillations in the psychosis prodrome: neuronal generator patterns during a novelty oddball task.	Kayser J et al.	—	2014	→
Scalp current density mapping in the analysis of mismatch negativity paradigms.	Giard MH et al.	—	2014	→
Impaired pre-attentive change detection in major depressive disorder patients revealed by auditory mismatch negativity.	Qiao Z et al.	—	2013	→
Olfaction in the psychosis prodrome: electrophysiological and behavioral measures of odor detection.	Kayser J et al.	—	2013	→
Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions.	Tenke CE et al.	—	2012	→
Greater sensitivity of the P300 component to bimodal stimulation in an event-related potentials oddball task.	Campanella S et al.	—	2012	→
Current source density measures of electroencephalographic alpha predict antidepressant treatment response.	Tenke CE et al.	—	2011	→
Current source density (CSD) old/new effects during recognition memory for words and faces in schizophrenia and in healthy adults.	Kayser J et al.	—	2010	→
ERP generator patterns in schizophrenia during tonal and phonetic oddball tasks: effects of response hand and silent count.	Kayser J et al.	—	2010	→
Neuronal generator patterns of olfactory event-related brain potentials in schizophrenia.	Kayser J et al.	—	2010	→
Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball task.	Bruder GE et al.	—	2009	→