Multiple cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes affect nicotine dependence risk in African and European Americans.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Saccone, N L; Schwantes-An, T-H; Wang, J C; Grucza, R A; Breslau, N; Hatsukami, D; Johnson, E O; Rice, J P; Goate, A M; Bierut, L J
Year: 2010
Journal: Genes, brain, and behavior
PMID: 20584212
DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00608.x
PMCID: PMC2970751

#	Section	Preview
40	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS	The chromosome 15q25 region containing CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 has been consistently associated with…
41	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS	Given these multiple findings in CHRN genes, an important question is the proportion of phenotypic…
42	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS	In summary, this work provides further evidence that multiple cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes…

Name	Type
AA	cohort
AA-only sample local	cohort
AA sample	cohort
African American	cohort
African-Americans	cohort
African-ancestry samples local	cohort
age	phenotype
Asian	cohort
Australian population	cohort
Australian subjects local	cohort
brain	anatomy
case/control status	phenotype
CEU	cohort
CHRNA10	gene
Chrna3	gene
Chrna4	gene
CHRNA5	gene
CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cluster	gene
Chrna6	gene
Chrna7	gene
Chrnb1	gene
Chrnb3	gene
CHRNB3-CHRNA6 local	gene
Chrnb4	gene
CHRND	gene
CHRNG	gene
CHRN genes local	gene
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	phenotype
Cigarettes-per-day local	phenotype
COGEND	cohort
Combined European American sample local	cohort
combined sample	cohort
dbSNP build 129 local	drug
dizziness in response to tobacco local	phenotype
EA	cohort
EAs	cohort
EIGENSTRAT analysis local	drug
European-American COGEND subjects local	cohort
European ancestry	cohort
European-ancestry US/Australia cohort local	cohort
European-descent Australians local	cohort
European population	cohort
Europeans	cohort
expanded United States sample local	cohort
FTND	phenotype
full sample	cohort
gender local	drug
HapMap3	cohort
HapMap CEU	cohort
HapMap HCB-JPT local	cohort
Illumina Golden Gate local	drug
lung cancer	phenotype
NCBI Human Reference Build 36.2 local	drug
New European American sample local	cohort
nicotine	drug
nicotine dependence	phenotype
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor	drug
Original European American sample local	cohort
phenotypic variation	phenotype
population	cohort
principal components	drug
rs10438287 local	variant
rs10958726 local	variant
rs12915265 local	variant
rs13277254 local	variant
rs13277524	variant
rs16925377 local	variant
rs16969968	variant
rs1881492 local	variant
rs1909884 local	variant
rs1955186 local	variant
rs2229959 local	variant
rs2231532 local	variant
rs2236196	variant
rs2302761 local	variant
rs2302763 local	variant
rs3855924 local	variant
rs4779565 local	variant
rs4796418 local	variant
rs4952 local	variant
rs578776	variant
rs588765	variant
rs6494212	variant
rs7210231 local	variant
rs904951 local	variant
rs904952 local	variant
Sequenom iPlex local	drug
sex	phenotype
smoking	phenotype
smoking behavior	phenotype
smoking cessation	phenotype
smoking prevalence	phenotype
smoking quantity	phenotype
Smoking risk local	phenotype
SNP	cohort
SNP_CHRNA10 local	variant
SNP_CHRNA7 local	variant
SNP_CHRNG local	variant
SNPs (Table 3) local	variant
SNP term local	variant
United States	cohort
YRI	cohort

Citation	PMID	DOI	Status
Amos, CI et al., Nat Genet, 2008, Genome-wide association scan of tag SNPs identifies a susceptibility locus for lung cancer at 15q25.1	18385676	10.1038/ng.109	Cited
Berrettini, W et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2008, alpha-5/alpha-3 nicotinic receptor subunit alleles increase risk for heavy smoking	18227835	10.1038/sj.mp.4002154	Cited
Bierut, LJ et al., Am J Psychiatry, 2008, Variants in nicotinic receptors and risk for nicotine dependence	18519524	10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07111711	Primary
Bierut, LJ et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2007, Novel genes identified in a high-density genome wide association study for nicotine dependence	17158188	10.1093/hmg/ddl441	Cited
Breitling, LP et al., Pharmacogenomics J, 2009, Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans	19290018	10.1038/tpj.2009.6	Cited
Breslau, N et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2001, Nicotine dependence in the United States: prevalence, trends, and smoking persistence	11545662	10.1001/archpsyc.58.9.810	Cited
Broderick, P et al., Cancer Res, 2009, Deciphering the Impact of Common Genetic Variation on Lung Cancer Risk: A Genome-Wide Association Study	19654303	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0680	Cited
Caporaso, N et al., PLoS ONE, 2009, Genome-wide and candidate gene association study of cigarette smoking behaviors	19247474	10.1371/journal.pone.0004653	Cited
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2006, Tobacco Use Among Adults - United States, 2005	17065979	—	Cited
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2008, Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2007	19008790	—	Cited
Chen, X et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2009, Variants in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors alpha5 and alpha3 increase risks to nicotine dependence	19132693	10.1002/ajmg.b.30919	Cited
Covey, LS et al., Ethn Dis, 2008, Smokers’ response to combination bupropion, nicotine patch, and counseling treatment by race/ethnicity	18447101	—	Cited
Ehringer, MA et al., American Journal of Medical Genetic Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Association of CHRN genes with “dizziness” to tobacco	19760673	10.1002/ajmg.b.31027	Cited
Freathy, RM et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2009, A common genetic variant in the 15q24 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene cluster (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4) is associated with a reduced ability of women to quit smoking in pregnancy	19429911	10.1093/hmg/ddp216	Cited
Ge, D et al., Genome Res, 2008, WGAViewer: software for genomic annotation of whole genome association studies	18256235	10.1101/gr.071571.107	Cited
Goldstein, DB, N Engl J Med, 2009, Common genetic variation and human traits	19369660	10.1056/NEJMp0806284	Cited
Gotti, C et al., Molecular pharmacology, 2005, Expression of nigrostriatal alpha 6-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is selectively reduced, but not eliminated, by beta 3 subunit gene deletion	15749993	10.1124/mol.105.011940	Cited
Greenbaum, L et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2006, Why do young women smoke? I. Direct and interactive effects of environment, psychological characteristics and nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes	16314871	10.1038/sj.mp.4001774	Cited
Greenbaum, L et al., Mol Psychiatry, 2009, Differential contribution of genetic variation in multiple brain nicotinic cholinergic receptors to nicotine dependence: recent progress and emerging open questions	19564872	10.1038/mp.2009.59	Cited
Grucza, RA et al., Biol Psychiatry, 2008, A risk allele for nicotine dependence in CHRNA5 is a protective allele for cocaine dependence	18519132	10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.018	Primary
Haiman, CA et al., N Engl J Med, 2006, Ethnic and racial differences in the smoking-related risk of lung cancer	16436765	10.1056/NEJMoa033250	Cited
Heatherton, TF et al., Br J Addict, 1989, Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day	2758152	10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03059.x	Cited
Heatherton, TF et al., Br J Addict, 1991, The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire	1932883	10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x	Cited
Hirschhorn, JN, N Engl J Med, 2009, Genomewide association studies--illuminating biologic pathways	19369661	10.1056/NEJMp0808934	Cited
Hoft, NR et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, Genetic association of the CHRNA6 and CHRNB3 genes with tobacco dependence in a nationally representative sample	18704094	10.1038/npp.2008.122	Cited
Hung, RJ et al., Nature, 2008, A susceptibility locus for lung cancer maps to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes on 15q25	18385738	10.1038/nature06885	Cited
Hutchison, KE et al., Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2007, CHRNA4 and tobacco dependence: from gene regulation to treatment outcome	17768273	10.1001/archpsyc.64.9.1078	Cited
Klink, R et al., J Neurosci, 2001, Molecular and physiological diversity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei	11222635	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01452.2001	Cited
Kraft, P et al., N Engl J Med, 2009, Genetic risk prediction--are we there yet?	19369656	10.1056/NEJMp0810107	Cited
Le Marchand, L et al., Cancer Res, 2008, Smokers with the CHRNA lung cancer-associated variants are exposed to higher levels of nicotine equivalents and a carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine	19010884	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2271	Cited
Li, J et al., Heredity, 2005, Adjusting multiple testing in multilocus analyses using the eigenvalues of a correlation matrix	16077740	10.1038/sj.hdy.6800717	Cited
Li, MD et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2010, Association and interaction analysis of variants in CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in African and European Americans	19859904	10.1002/ajmg.b.31043	Cited
Li, MD et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2005, Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence	15790597	10.1093/hmg/ddi132	Cited
Lin, PI et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2007, No gene is an island: the flip-flop phenomenon	17273975	10.1086/512133	Cited
Lips, EH et al., Int J Epidemiol, 2009, Association between a 15q25 gene variant, smoking quantity and tobacco-related cancers among 17 000 individuals	19776245	10.1093/ije/dyp288	Cited
Liu, P et al., J Natl Cancer Inst, 2008, Familial aggregation of common sequence variants on 15q24-25.1 in lung cancer	18780872	10.1093/jnci/djn268	Cited
Lou, XY et al., Hum Genet, 2006, Gene-based analysis suggests association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta1 subunit (CHRNB1) and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM1) with vulnerability for nicotine dependence	16874522	10.1007/s00439-006-0229-7	Cited
Luo, Z et al., Nicotine Tob Res, 2008, Race differences in nicotine dependence in the Collaborative Genetic study of Nicotine Dependence (COGEND)	18629733	10.1080/14622200802163266	Cited
Maher, B, Nature, 2008, Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability	18987709	10.1038/456018a	Cited
Nagelkerke, NJD, Biometrika, 1991, A note on a general definition of the coefficient of determination	—	—	—
Nyholt, DR, Am J Hum Genet, 2004, A simple correction for multiple testing for single-nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with each other	14997420	10.1086/383251	Cited
Philibert, RA et al., Nicotine Tob Res, 2009, Examination of the nicotine dependence (NICSNP) consortium findings in the Iowa adoption studies population	19307444	10.1093/ntr/ntn034	Cited
Pillai, SG et al., PLoS Genet, 2009, A genome-wide association study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): identification of two major susceptibility loci	19300482	10.1371/journal.pgen.1000421	Cited
Price, AL et al., Nat Genet, 2006, Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies	16862161	10.1038/ng1847	Cited
Purcell, S et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2007, PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses	17701901	10.1086/519795	Cited
Ries, L et al., SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2005, 2008	—	—	—
Saccone, NL et al., Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, Multiple distinct risk loci for nicotine dependence identified by dense coverage of the complete family of nicotinic receptor subunit (CHRN) genes	19259974	10.1002/ajmg.b.30828	Cited
Saccone, NL et al., BMC Genetics, 2008, Refining disease association signals using cross-population contrasts	18759969	10.1186/1471-2156-9-58	Cited
Saccone, NL et al., Cancer Res, The CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 nicotinic receptor subunit gene cluster affects risk for nicotine dependence in African-Americans and in European-Americans	19706762	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0786	Cited
Saccone, SF et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2007, Cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes implicated in a nicotine dependence association study targeting 348 candidate genes with 3713 SNPs	17135278	10.1093/hmg/ddl438	Cited
Schwartz, AG et al., J Thorac Oncol, 2009, Racial Differences in the Association Between SNPs on 15q25.1, Smoking Behavior, and Risk of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer	19641473	10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181b244ef	Cited
Sherva, R et al., Addiction, 2008, Association of a SNP in neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 5 (CHRNA5) with smoking status and with “pleasurable buzz” during early experimentation with smoking	18783506	10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02279.x	Cited
Shiraishi, K et al., Carcinogenesis, 2009, Contribution of nicotine acetylcholine receptor polymorphisms to lung cancer risk in a smoking-independent manner in the Japanese	19005185	10.1093/carcin/bgn257	Cited
Sleiman, PM et al., N Engl J Med, 2010, Variants of DENND1B associated with asthma in children	20032318	10.1056/NEJMoa0901867	Cited
Spitz, MR et al., J Natl Cancer Inst, 2008, The CHRNA5-A3 region on chromosome 15q24-25.1 is a risk factor both for nicotine dependence and for lung cancer	18957677	10.1093/jnci/djn363	Cited
Stevens, VL et al., Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2008, Nicotinic Receptor Gene Variants Influence Susceptibility to Heavy Smoking	19029397	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0585	Cited
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration), 2007	—	—	—
Thorgeirsson, TE et al., Nature, 2008, A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease	18385739	10.1038/nature06846	Cited
Wang, JC et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2009, Risk for nicotine dependence and lung cancer is conferred by mRNA expression levels and amino acid change in CHRNA5	19443489	10.1093/hmg/ddp231	Primary
Weiss, RB et al., PLoS Genet, 2008, A candidate gene approach identifies the CHRNA5-A3-B4 region as a risk factor for age-dependent nicotine addiction	18618000	10.1371/journal.pgen.1000125	Cited
Wu, C et al., Cancer Res, 2009, Genetic variants on chromosome 15q25 associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese populations	19491260	10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0081	Cited
Young, RP et al., Eur Respir J, 2008, Lung cancer gene associated with COPD: triple whammy or possible confounding effect?	18978134	10.1183/09031936.00093908	Cited
Zaitlen, N et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2010, Leveraging genetic variability across populations for the identification of causal variants	20085711	10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.016	Cited
Zaykin, DV et al., Am J Hum Genet, 2008, Genetic flip-flop without an accompanying change in linkage disequilibrium	18319078	10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.02.001	Cited
Zeiger, JS et al., Hum Mol Genet, 2008, The neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit genes (CHRNA6 and CHRNB3) are associated with subjective responses to tobacco	18055561	10.1093/hmg/ddm344	Cited

In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Converging findings from linkage and association analyses on susceptibility genes for smoking and other addictions.	2016	27166759
Rare, low frequency and common coding variants in CHRNA5 and their contribution to nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.	2016	26239294
Smokescreen: a targeted genotyping array for addiction research.	2016	26921259
Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking.	2013	24186853
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variation and response to smoking cessation therapies.	2013	23249876
Nominal association with CHRNA4 variants and nicotine dependence.	2013	23350800
Polygenic risk and the developmental progression to heavy, persistent smoking and nicotine dependence: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study.	2013	23536134
Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence.	2011	21338875
Rare nonsynonymous variants in alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene protect against nicotine dependence.	2011	21683344
Uncovering hidden variance: pair-wise SNP analysis accounts for additional variance in nicotine dependence.	2011	21079997

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Genetic Loci Influencing Cue-Reactivity in Heterogeneous Stock Rats.	King CP et al.	—	2025	→
Deciphering gene contributions and etiologies of somatic mutational signatures of cancer.	Ji X et al.	—	2023	→
Genome-wide mapping of gene-microbe interactions in the murine lung microbiota based on quantitative microbial profiling.	Chung CJ et al.	—	2023	→
Hepatocyte CHRNA4 mediates the MASH-promotive effects of immune cell-produced acetylcholine and smoking exposure in mice and humans.	Pan C et al.	—	2023	→
Hyperconnectivity of Two Separate Long-Range Cholinergic Systems Contributes to the Reorganization of the Brain Functional Connectivity during Nicotine Withdrawal in Male Mice.	Carrette LLG et al.	—	2023	→
Sex and diet-dependent gene alterations in human and rat brains with a history of nicotine exposure.	Vargas-Medrano J et al.	—	2023	→
Deciphering of Somatic Mutational Signatures of Cancer	Ji X et al.	—	2022	—
Association Study of Polymorphisms in Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Genes With Schizophrenia in the Han Chinese Population.	Li YY et al.	—	2021	→
Cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit polymorphisms and smoking in male Chinese patients with schizophrenia.	Shi J et al.	—	2021	→
Gene-based association analysis reveals involvement of LAMA5 and cell adhesion pathways in nicotine dependence in African- and European-American samples.	Fan R et al.	—	2021	→
Studying the Utility of Using Genetics to Predict Smoking-Related Outcomes in a Population-Based Study and a Selected Cohort.	Bray MJ et al.	—	2021	→
Identification of genetic polymorphisms modulating nausea and vomiting in two series of opioid-treated cancer patients.	Colombo F et al.	—	2020	→
Profile of the Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Alpha 7 Subunit Gene Expression is Associated with Response to Varenicline Treatment.	Santos JR et al.	—	2020	→
Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Interactions in Hyper-proliferative Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells.	Chinnappan M et al.	—	2019	→
Determining population stratification and subgroup effects in association studies of rare genetic variants for nicotine dependence.	Hsieh AR et al.	—	2019	→
Distinctive single-channel properties of α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor isoforms.	Weltzin MM et al.	—	2019	→
Nicotine consumption during the prodromal phase of schizophrenia - a review of the literature.	Gogos A et al.	—	2019	→
A Large-Scale Multi-ancestry Genome-wide Study Accounting for Smoking Behavior Identifies Multiple Significant Loci for Blood Pressure.	Sung YJ et al.	—	2018	→
A little rein on addiction.	Mathuru AS	—	2018	→
Toward the implementation of genomic applications for smoking cessation and smoking-related diseases.	Ramsey AT et al.	—	2018	→
Examination of the Involvement of Cholinergic-Associated Genes in Nicotine Behaviors in European and African Americans.	Melroy-Greif WE et al.	—	2017	→
Significant association of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster with nicotine dependence in the Chinese Han population.	Wen L et al.	—	2017	→
Associations of rare nicotinic cholinergic receptor gene variants to nicotine and alcohol dependence.	Zuo L et al.	—	2016	→
CHRNA4 and ANKK1 Polymorphisms Influence Smoking-Induced Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation.	Esterlis I et al.	—	2016	→
Converging findings from linkage and association analyses on susceptibility genes for smoking and other addictions.	Yang J et al.	—	2016	→
Crucial roles of the CHRNB3-CHRNA6 gene cluster on chromosome 8 in nicotine dependence: update and subjects for future research.	Wen L et al.	—	2016	→
Differential α4(+)/(-)β2 Agonist-binding Site Contributions to α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function within and between Isoforms.	Lucero LM et al.	—	2016	→
Evidence for Association Between Low Frequency Variants in CHRNA6/CHRNB3 and Antisocial Drug Dependence.	Kamens HM et al.	—	2016	→
Genetic variants of CHRNA5-A3 and CHRNB3-A6 predict survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.	Wang Y et al.	—	2016	→
nAChR dysfunction as a common substrate for schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine addiction: Current trends and perspectives.	Parikh V et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use.	Melroy-Greif WE et al.	—	2016	→
Nicotinic cholinergic and dopaminergic receptor mRNA expression in male and female rats with high or low preference for nicotine.	Gozen O et al.	—	2016	→
Rare, low frequency and common coding variants in CHRNA5 and their contribution to nicotine dependence in European and African Americans.	Olfson E et al.	—	2016	→
Replicated Risk Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptor Genes for Nicotine Dependence.	Zuo L et al.	—	2016	→
Smokescreen: a targeted genotyping array for addiction research.	Baurley JW et al.	—	2016	→
Assessment of cigarette smoking status with respect to symptomatic manifestation in first-episode schizophrenia patients.	Misiak B et al.	—	2015	→
CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A mRNAs: co-localized and their expression levels altered in the postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in major psychiatric disorders.	Kunii Y et al.	—	2015	→
Duplicated copy of CHRNA7 increases risk and worsens prognosis of COPD and lung cancer.	Yang L et al.	—	2015	→
Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.	Hancock DB et al.	—	2015	→
Lack of Associations of CHRNA5-A3-B4 Genetic Variants with Smoking Cessation Treatment Outcomes in Caucasian Smokers despite Associations with Baseline Smoking.	Tyndale RF et al.	—	2015	→
Lung cancer screening-why do it? Tobacco, the history of screening, and future challenges.	de Groot PM et al.	—	2015	→
Nicotinic receptor contributions to smoking: insights from human studies and animal models.	Brunzell DH et al.	—	2015	→
Return of individual genetic results in a high-risk sample: enthusiasm and positive behavioral change.	Hartz SM et al.	—	2015	→
The contribution of rare and common variants in 30 genes to risk nicotine dependence.	Yang J et al.	—	2015	→
The DYX2 locus and neurochemical signaling genes contribute to speech sound disorder and related neurocognitive domains.	Eicher JD et al.	—	2015	→
The Role of Nicotine in Schizophrenia.	Featherstone RE et al.	—	2015	→
CHRNB3 c.-57A>G functional promoter change affects Parkinson's disease and smoking.	Bar-Shira A et al.	—	2014	→
Gene-environment interaction.	Manuck SB et al.	—	2014	→
Genetic Association of CHRNB3 and CHRNA6 Gene Polymorphisms with Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale in Korean Population.	Won WY et al.	—	2014	→
Genetic variants and early cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence phenotypes in adolescents.	O'Loughlin J et al.	—	2014	→
Genetic variation within the Chrna7 gene modulates nicotine reward-like phenotypes in mice.	Harenza JL et al.	—	2014	→
Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants.	Wang S et al.	—	2014	→
Significant associations of CHRNA2 and CHRNA6 with nicotine dependence in European American and African American populations.	Wang S et al.	—	2014	→
Smoking cessation and the risk of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose: three-year outcomes after a quit attempt.	Stein JH et al.	—	2014	→
The association between CHRN genetic variants and dizziness at first inhalation of cigarette smoke.	Pedneault M et al.	—	2014	→
Association between a 15q25 gene variant, nicotine-related habits, lung cancer and COPD among 56,307 individuals from the HUNT study in Norway.	Gabrielsen ME et al.	—	2013	→
CHRNA5-A3-B4 genetic variants alter nicotine intake and interact with tobacco use to influence body weight in Alaska Native tobacco users.	Zhu AZ et al.	—	2013	→
Distinct loci in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster are associated with onset of regular smoking.	Stephens SH et al.	—	2013	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variation and response to smoking cessation therapies.	Bergen AW et al.	—	2013	→
Nominal association with CHRNA4 variants and nicotine dependence.	Kamens HM et al.	—	2013	→
Polygenic risk and the developmental progression to heavy, persistent smoking and nicotine dependence: evidence from a 4-decade longitudinal study.	Belsky DW et al.	—	2013	→
Using rodents to model schizophrenia and substance use comorbidity.	Ng E et al.	—	2013	→
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate motivation to self-administer nicotine: implications for smoking and schizophrenia.	Brunzell DH et al.	—	2012	→
Assessing the impact of nicotine dependence genes on the risk of facial clefts: An example of the use of national registry and biobank data.	Jugessur A et al.	—	2012	→
Associations between variation in CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, body mass index and blood pressure in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.	Kaakinen M et al.	—	2012	→
Dissection of the phenotypic and genotypic associations with nicotinic dependence.	Chen LS et al.	—	2012	→
Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.	David SP et al.	—	2012	→
Impact of human D398N single nucleotide polymorphism on intracellular calcium response mediated by α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Tammimäki A et al.	—	2012	→
Influence of common genetic variation on lung cancer risk: meta-analysis of 14 900 cases and 29 485 controls.	Timofeeva MN et al.	—	2012	→
Pathway analysis of smoking quantity in multiple GWAS identifies cholinergic and sensory pathways.	Harari O et al.	—	2012	→
Schizophrenia risk polymorphisms in the TCF4 gene interact with smoking in the modulation of auditory sensory gating.	Quednow BB et al.	—	2012	→
Smoking cessation pharmacogenetics: analysis of varenicline and bupropion in placebo-controlled clinical trials.	King DP et al.	—	2012	→
Biomarkers to optimize the treatment of nicotine dependence.	Schnoll RA et al.	—	2011	→
Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence.	Bierut LJ	—	2011	→
Neural systems governed by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: emerging hypotheses.	Miwa JM et al.	—	2011	→
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variants associated with susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.	Zhang J et al.	—	2011	→
Rare nonsynonymous variants in alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene protect against nicotine dependence.	Xie P et al.	—	2011	→
The Role of the Habenula in Nicotine Addiction.	Baldwin PR et al.	—	2011	→
Uncovering hidden variance: pair-wise SNP analysis accounts for additional variance in nicotine dependence.	Culverhouse RC et al.	—	2011	→