The Impact of Peer Substance Use and Polygenic Risk on Trajectories of Heavy Episodic Drinking Across Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood.

paper Primary Public

Authors: Li, James J; Cho, Seung Bin; Salvatore, Jessica E; Edenberg, Howard J; Agrawal, Arpana; Chorlian, David B; Porjesz, Bernice; Hesselbrock, Victor; COGA Investigators; Dick, Danielle M
Year: 2017
Journal: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
PMID: 27991676
DOI: 10.1111/acer.13282
PMCID: PMC5205549

BACKGROUND: Heavy episodic drinking is developmentally normative among adolescents and young adults, but is linked to adverse consequences in later life, such as drug and alcohol dependence. Genetic and peer influences are robust predictors of heavy episodic drinking in youth, but little is known about the interplay between polygenic risk and peer influences as they impact developmental patterns of heavy episodic drinking. METHODS: Data were from a multisite prospective study of alcohol use among adolescents and young adults with genome-wide association data (n = 412). Generalized linear mixed models were used to characterize the initial status and slopes of heavy episodic drinking between age 15 and 28. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived from a separate genome-wide association study for alcohol dependence and examined for their interaction with substance use among the adolescents' closest friends in predicting the initial status and slopes of heavy episodic drinking. RESULTS: Close friend substance use was a robust predictor of adolescent heavy episodic drinking, even after controlling for parental knowledge and peer substance use in the school. PRS were predictive of the initial status and early patterns of heavy episodic drinking in males, but not in females. No interaction was detected between PRS and close friend substance use for heavy episodic drinking trajectories in either males or females. CONCLUSIONS: Although substance use among close friends and genetic influences play an important role in predicting heavy episodic drinking trajectories, particularly during the late adolescent to early adult years, we found no evidence of interaction between these influences after controlling for other social processes, such as parental knowledge and broader substance use among other peers outside of close friends. The use of longitudinal models and accounting for multiple social influences may be crucial for future studies focused on uncovering gene-environment interplay. Clinical implications are also discussed.

#	Section	Preview
40	Discussion	drinking was defined as having five or more alcoholic drinks within a 24-hour period, which is a…
41	Discussion	The current study is innovative for investigating GxE effects using a polygenic approach within a…

Name	Type
ADH1B	gene
Adolescent alcohol use behaviors local	phenotype
adolescents	cohort
adult alcohol use problems local	phenotype
Adult alcohol use problems local	phenotype
adult drug and alcohol dependence local	phenotype
Adult drug and alcohol dependence local	phenotype
Adult European-American subsample local	cohort
adulthood	cohort
Age 17.5 local	cohort
Age 19.5 local	cohort
Age 23.5 local	cohort
Age 25.5 local	cohort
Age 27.5 local	cohort
Age-of-onset local	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
alcohol dependence	phenotype
Alcohol Problems	phenotype
alcohol-related outcomes	phenotype
alcohol-related phenotypes	phenotype
alcohol-related problems	phenotype
Alcohol Use	phenotype
alcohol use disorders	phenotype
Alcohol Use Disorder Section of the SSAGA-IV local	cohort
autonomy from adults local	phenotype
binge drinking	phenotype
bipolar disorder	phenotype
Broader peer group substance use local	phenotype
cigarettes	phenotype
Close Friend Alcohol Use local	phenotype
close friend substance use local	drug
Close friend substance use local	drug
Close friend substance use local	phenotype
Close Friend Substance Use local	drug
Close Friend Substance Use Frequency local	phenotype
Close friend substance use prevalence local	phenotype
COGA sample	cohort
COGA sites	cohort
Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism	cohort
Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA)	cohort
common variants	cohort
Control families	cohort
DRD4	gene
DRD4 long allele local	variant
DSM-IV alcohol dependence	phenotype
early adulthood	cohort
early substance use	phenotype
European population	cohort
Extreme heavy episodic drinking local	phenotype
Family conflict and stress local	phenotype
Finnish Twin Study local	cohort
Finntwin12	cohort
FinnTwin studies local	cohort
GWAS subsample local	cohort
GxE effects	phenotype
health and medical problems local	phenotype
Health and medical problems local	phenotype
heavy drinking	phenotype
high PRS for alcohol problems local	variant
High school seniors	cohort
illicit drug use	phenotype
Illumina Human OmniExpress array local	drug
impulsivity	phenotype
Initial Heavy Episodic Drinking Status local	phenotype
marijuana	phenotype
Netherlands Twin Register	cohort
older adult local	cohort
other drug use	phenotype
other substances	phenotype
parental knowledge	phenotype
parental psychopathology	phenotype
participants	cohort
peer deviance	phenotype
Peer substance use local	drug
Peer Substance Use local	drug
polygenic risk score	cohort
Polygenic risk score for alcohol dependence	phenotype
Polygenic Risk Score for Heavy Episodic Drinking local	phenotype
popularity	phenotype
probands	cohort
Prospective Study	cohort
Prospective Study of COGA local	cohort
PRS	drug
psychiatric disorders	phenotype
puberty	phenotype
rs1229984	variant
schizophrenia	phenotype
school substance use local	drug
school substance use local	phenotype
School substance use local	phenotype
school substance use prevalence local	drug
School substance use prevalence local	phenotype
sex	phenotype
SNP	cohort
social influence local	phenotype
Social vulnerability local	phenotype
SSAGA	cohort
stress response	phenotype
substance use	phenotype
young adults	cohort

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