Developmental epidemiology of drug use and abuse in adolescence and young adulthood: Evidence of generalized risk.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Palmer, R H C; Young, S E; Hopfer, C J; Corley, R P; Stallings, M C; Crowley, T J; Hewitt, J K
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Drug and alcohol dependence
- PMID
- 19250776
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.012
- PMCID
- PMC2746112
Past studies highlight a narrowing gender gap and the existence of a shared etiology across substances of abuse; however, few have tested developmental models using longitudinal data. We present data on developmental trends of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, abuse and dependence assessed during adolescence and young adulthood in a community-based Colorado twin sample of 1733 respondents through self-report questionnaires and structured psychiatric interviews. Additionally, we report on the rates of multiple substance use and disorders at each developmental stage, and the likelihood of a substance use disorder (SUD; i.e., abuse or dependence) diagnosis in young adulthood based on adolescent drug involvement. Most notably, we evaluate whether the pattern of multiple substance use and disorders and likelihood ratios across substances support a model of generalized risk. Lastly, we evaluate whether the ranked magnitudes of substance-specific risk match the addiction liability ranking. Substance use and SUDs are developmental phenomena, which increase from adolescence to young adulthood with few and inconsistent gender differences. Adolescents and young adults are not specialized users, but rather tend to use or abuse multiple substances increasingly with age. Risk analyses indicated that progression toward a SUD for any substance was increased with prior involvement with any of the three substances during adolescence. Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use, tobacco posed the greatest substance-specific risk for developing subsequent problems. Our data also confirm either a generalized risk or correlated risk factors for early onset substance use and subsequent development of SUDs.
No figures extracted from this document.
1β20 of 46
Next β
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal patterns of threat- and deprivation-based childhood adversity and their impact on adolescent drinking, smoking, and depression. | Kwon E et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Polysubstance use disorders among US adults. | Han B et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Use of illicit substances among patients seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder in France: unveiling the mixed associations with age of onset and gender. | Janssen E et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| CANN2021 survey and registry-linkages cohort on cannabis involvement among Norwegian high school students: design, measures and sample characteristics - cohort profile. | Bretteville-Jensen AL et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| From ambition to substance use tendency: the mediating role of significance quest. | Εahin ES | β | 2025 | β |
| Patterns of past month cannabis consumption and cannabis use disorder - Insights from a nationally representative survey. | Kritikos AF et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Potential roles for microglia in drug addiction: Adolescent neurodevelopment and beyond. | Martinez MX et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Prevention of adolescent stimulant drug use: Do the home life environment and extracurricular activities influence this? Findings from the Irish Planet Youth Survey. | Daly FP et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| An examination of the protective role of internalizing symptoms in adolescent substance use. | Rieselbach MM et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Continuity and change in substance use patterns during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: Examining changes in social roles. | Merrin GJ et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Daily cigarette smoking among inpatients for substance use disorders in France, 2010-2020: Commonalities and specificities across substances. | Janssen E et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Distress about social problems and tobacco and cannabis use outcomes among young adults in Los Angeles County. | Mattingly DT et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Experiencing violence and other predictors of within-person same-day use of multiple substances in youth: a longitudinal study in emergency settings. | Lyons VH et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Grade-Level Differences in the Profiles of Substance Use and Behavioral Health Problems: A Multi-Group Latent Class Analysis. | Cadet K et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Individual Differences in Substance Use Motives, Trauma, and Stress Among College-Based Polysubstance Users. | Jaume-Feliciosi N et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Longitudinal patterns of alcohol and cannabis use among US young adults: Correlates and implications for problematic health outcomes. | Romm KF et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Health Problems and Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among US Emerging Adults. | Mattingly DT et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Sex differences in distributed error-related neural activation in problem-drinking young adults. | Hardee JE et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Anxiety-specific associations with substance use: Evidence of a protective factor in adolescence and a risk factor in adulthood. | Rieselbach MM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Associations of daily alcohol, cannabis, combustible tobacco, and e-cigarette use with same-day co-use and poly-use of the other substances. | Sokolovsky AW et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Continuities in maternal substance use from early adolescence to parenthood: findings from the intergenerational cohort consortium. | Thomson KC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Editorial: Molecular aspects of compulsive drug use. | Lasek AW et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Latent Classes of Tobacco and Cannabis Use among Youth and Young Adults in the United States. | Mattingly DT et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Pandemic-related life changes and adolescent initiation of cannabis and tobacco/nicotine use. | Herzig SE et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Risk Factors for Substance Use across the Lifespan. | Stewart SA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Problematic Alcohol and Drug Use Trajectories and the Moderating Role of Social Support. | Rogers CJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The validity of self-rated alcohol susceptibility in predicting alcohol use in early adolescents in Latin America. | Dramis A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Adolescent cocaine differentially impacts psychomotor sensitization and epigenetic profiles in adult male rats with divergent affective phenotypes. | Parsegian A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Associations between parenting characteristics and adolescent substance use: A genetically informed, longitudinal adoption study. | Gresko SA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Behavioral phenotypes revealed during reversal learning are linked with novel genetic loci in diversity outbred mice. | Bagley JR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cannabis use and social anxiety in young adulthood: A meta-analysis. | Single A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cocaine during adolescence differentially impacts psychomotor sensitization and epigenetic profiles in adult male rats with divergent affective phenotypes | Parsegian A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Could Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on Junk Foods Inducing Obesity and/or Illicit Drug Use Represent Danger to Liver in Young People with Altered Psychological/Relational Spheres or Emotional Problems? | Tarantino G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Differential Associations between Weight Status (Obesity, Overweight, and Underweight) and Substance Use in Young Adulthood. | Lanza HI et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Evaluation of Positive Choices, a National Initiative to Disseminate Evidence-Based Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Strategies: Web-Based Survey Study. | Stapinski LA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Latent triple trajectories of substance use as predictors for the onset of antisocial personality disorder among urban African American and Puerto Rican adults: A 22-year longitudinal study. | Lee JY et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Online interventions for cannabis use among adolescents and young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. | Beneria A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Substance-Specific Risk Factors among Young Adults: Potential Prevention Targets across Cannabis-Permissive Environments. | Guttmannova K et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Weighing the Risk: Developmental Pathways and Processes Underlying Obesity to Substance Use in Adolescence. | Lanza HI | β | 2022 | β |
| Age of Onset and Its Related Factors in Cocaine or Methamphetamine Use in Adults from the United States: Results from NHANES 2005-2018. | Guerin AA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Alcohol and Brain Development in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Advisory Report of the Health Council of the Netherlands. | de Goede J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| ASRS Questionnaire and Tobacco Use: Not Just a Cigarette. A Screening Study in an Italian Young Adult Sample. | Zamboni L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Association between electronic cigarette use and tobacco cigarette smoking initiation in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | O'Brien D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Daily cannabis use in adolescents who smoke tobacco is associated with altered late-stage feedback processing: A high-density electrical mapping study. | Morie KP et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional study. | Gadermann AC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications. | Venniro M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Tobacco and cannabis poly-substance and poly-product use trajectories across adolescence and young adulthood. | Lanza HI et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Adolescent drug exposure: A review of evidence for the development of persistent changes in brain function. | Salmanzadeh H et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use in a Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Trial for Adolescents and Emerging Adults. | McClure EA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Co-occurring Use of Cannabis and Tobacco and the Presence of Acute Respiratory Symptoms among Young Adult Light and Intermittent Smokers. | Correa JB et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Early onset of cannabis use and alcohol intoxication predicts prescription drug misuse in American Indian and non-American Indian adolescents living on or near reservations. | Stanley LR et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity. | Howard AL et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| E-cigarette use among young adults: A latent class analysis examining co-use and correlates of nicotine vaping. | Lanza HI et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Mental Health and the Association between Asthma and E-cigarette Use among Young Adults in The United States: A Mediation Analysis. | Alanazi AMM et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Sex differences in substance use from adolescence to young adulthood: Tests of increases in emergent adulthood and maturing out in later young adulthood. | Windle M | β | 2020 | β |
| Sleep quality and its association with substance abuse among university students. | Navarro-MartΓnez R et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Stability in effects of different smoking-related polygenic risk scores over age and smoking phenotypes. | Deutsch AR et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Trajectories of cannabis use and risk for opioid misuse in a young adult urban cohort. | Reboussin BA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Trajectories of Nicotine and Cannabis Vaping and Polyuse From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. | Lanza HI et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Trends in marijuana use in two Latin American countries: an age, period and cohort study. | Castillo-Carniglia A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| What is the prevalence and risk of cannabis use disorders among people who use cannabis? a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Leung J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Why do apprentices smoke much more than high school students? Understanding educational disparities in smoking with a Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis. | Chyderiotis S et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Young adult e-cigarette use: A latent class analysis of device and flavor use, 2018-2019. | Lanza HI et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Young Adults With Higher Motives and Expectancies of Regular Cannabis Use Show Poorer Psychosocial Functioning. | Amiet D et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Adolescent Tobacco Uptake and Other Substance Use: A Latent Class Analysis. | Delk J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Age at first alcohol use predicts current alcohol use, binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks among Ontario Grade 12 students in the COMPASS study. | Holligan SD et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association between tobacco smoking and opioid use: A meta-analysis. | Rajabi A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cigarette and e-cigarette use and social perceptions over the transition to college: The role of ADHD symptoms. | Dvorsky MR et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Monitoring young lifestyles (MyLife) - a prospective longitudinal quantitative and qualitative study of youth development and substance use in Norway. | Brunborg GS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Onset, Comorbidity, and Predictors of Nicotine, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use Disorders Among North American Indigenous Adolescents. | Hautala D et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The association between health conditions and cannabis use in patients with opioid use disorder receiving methadone maintenance treatment. | Shams I et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The prevalence of religiosity and association between religiosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Africa. | Francis JM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cannabis use among middle and high school students in Ontario: a school-based cross-sectional study. | Sampasa-Kanyinga H et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Childhood ADHD Symptoms and Future Illicit Drug Use: The Role of Adolescent Cigarette Use. | Lee CT et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Co-use of cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol during adolescence: policy and regulatory implications. | Schlienz NJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Early adolescent nicotine exposure affects later-life hippocampal mu-opioid receptors activity and morphine reward but not physical dependence in male mice. | Kota D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Methylation of OPRL1 mediates the effect of psychosocial stress on binge drinking in adolescents. | Ruggeri B et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Nonmedical prescription opioids and pathways of drug involvement in the US: Generational differences. | Wall M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| On the question of non-medical cognitive enhancers among in-school adolescents: prevalence, predictors and potential health-related harms. | Janssen E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of social anxiety following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure. | Dannenhoffer CA et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Places and social contexts associated with simultaneous use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana among young adults. | Lipperman-Kreda S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Sex Differences in the Developmental Neuroscience of Adolescent Substance Use Risk. | Heitzeg MM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Substance use through adolescence into early adulthood after childhood-diagnosed ADHD: findings from the MTA longitudinal study. | Molina BSG et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The Indirect Effect of Ethnic Identity on Marijuana Use Through School Engagement: An African American High School Sample. | Arsenault CE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The TOBg Tobacco Treatment Guidelines for Adolescents: A real-world pilot study. | Fotiou A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The utility of twins in developmental cognitive neuroscience research: How twins strengthen the ABCD research design. | Iacono WG et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Trends in cannabis use disorder by cigarette smoking status in the United States, 2002-2016. | Weinberger AH et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Adolescence and Reward: Making Sense of Neural and Behavioral Changes Amid the Chaos. | Walker DM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence: Effects on stress-induced social alterations and social drinking in adulthood. | Varlinskaya EI et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Effects of environmental enrichment on d-amphetamine self-administration following nicotine exposure. | Stairs DJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Executive functions and substance use: Relations in late adolescence and early adulthood. | Gustavson DE et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Parental supply of alcohol and adolescent drinking: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative data. | Chan GCK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Socioeconomic differences in adolescent substance abuse treatment participation and long-term outcomes. | Lui CK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | Prom-Wormley EC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Acute prenatal exposure to ethanol on gestational day 12 elicits opposing deficits in social behaviors and anxiety-like behaviors in Sprague Dawley rats. | Diaz MR et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Adolescent Maturational Transitions in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dopamine Signaling as a Risk Factor for the Development of Obesity and High Fat/High Sugar Diet Induced Cognitive Deficits. | Reichelt AC | β | 2016 | β |
| Anxiety, depression and risk of cannabis use: Examining the internalising pathway to use among Chilean adolescents. | Stapinski LA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Birth Cohorts Analysis of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Subsequent Marijuana and Cocaine Use. | Keyes KM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Childhood cigarette and alcohol use: Negative links with adjustment. | Staff J et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Comorbid trajectories of substance use as predictors of Antisocial Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Early marijuana initiation: The link between prenatal marijuana exposure, early childhood behavior, and negative adult roles. | Goldschmidt L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| HIV risk behavior and internalizing/externalizing psychopathology among adolescents in court-ordered treatment. | McMahon RC et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Investigating Progression in Substance Use Initiation Using a Discrete-Time Multiple Event Process Survival Mixture (MEPSUM) Approach. | Richmond-Rakerd LS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use. | Melroy-Greif WE et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Parental supply of alcohol to Australian minors: an analysis of six nationally representative surveys spanning 15Β years. | Kelly AB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Relationships between substance initiation sequence and further substance use: A French nationwide retrospective study. | Attaiaa LA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Sex differences in genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood. | Seglem KB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Consistency of self-reported drug use events in a mixed methods study of people who inject drugs. | Dyal SR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence. | Kuhn C | β | 2015 | β |
| Examining the role of common genetic variants on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and illicit drug dependence: genetics of vulnerability to drug dependence. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Neuropsychological Performance in Polyconsumer Men Under Treatment. Influence of Age of Onset of Substance Use. | Capella Mdel M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Past 15-year trends in adolescent marijuana use: Differences by race/ethnicity and sex. | Johnson RM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Post-traumatic growth, stressful life events, and relationships with substance use behaviors among alternative high school students: a prospective study. | Arpawong TE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Reduced cerebellar brain activity during reward processing in adolescent binge drinkers. | Cservenka A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Substance and Alcohol use in Young Adults in Turkey as Indicated by the CAGE Questionnaire and Drinking Frequency. | DemirbaΕ H | β | 2015 | β |
| The Gateway Hypothesis of substance abuse: developmental, biological and societal perspectives. | Kandel D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Unique versus cumulative effects of physical and sexual assault on patterns of adolescent substance use. | Charak R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Alcohol-induced impairment of inhibitory control is linked to attenuated brain responses in right fronto-temporal cortex. | Gan G et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gender and racial/ethnic differences in patterns of adolescent alcohol use and associations with adolescent and adult illicit drug use. | Khan MR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genders and the concurrent use of cocaine and alcohol: Pharmacological aspects. | Graziani M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants. | Wang S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Predictors of substance use among vulnerable adolescents in five cities: findings from the well-being of adolescents in vulnerable environments study. | Olumide AO et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Shattuck Lecture. A molecular basis for nicotine as a gateway drug. | Kandel ER et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The role of early childhood ADHD and subsequent CD in the initiation and escalation of adolescent cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. | Sibley MH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Time-dependent decreases in nucleus accumbens AMPA/NMDA ratio and incubation of sucrose craving in adolescent and adult rats. | Counotte DS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Use transition between illegal drugs among Brazilian university students. | Castaldelli-Maia JM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A role for the prefrontal cortex in heroin-seeking after forced abstinence by adult male rats but not adolescents. | Doherty JM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Attenuated effects of experimenter-administered heroin in adolescent vs. adult male rats: physical withdrawal and locomotor sensitization. | Doherty JM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Changes in friends' and parental influences on cigarette smoking from early through late adolescence. | Liao Y et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Developmental pattern of diacylglycerol lipase-Ξ± (DAGLΞ±) immunoreactivity in brain regions important for song learning and control in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). | Soderstrom K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Does exposure to parental substance use disorders increase substance use disorder risk in offspring? A 5-year follow-up study. | Yule AM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Impulsivity and substance use in young adulthood. | Shin SH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Lipids and addiction: how sex steroids, prostaglandins, and cannabinoids interact with drugs of abuse. | Leishman E et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Longitudinal determinants of substance use disorders. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Maturation of the adolescent brain. | Arain M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population. | van der Pol P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Menthol cigarette and marijuana use among adolescents. | Kong G et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Peer substance use and homelessness predicting substance abuse from adolescence through early adulthood. | Tompsett CJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Prospective effects of adolescent indicators of behavioral disinhibition on DSM-IV alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug dependence in young adulthood. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Stability and change of genetic and environmental effects on the common liability to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The dysregulation profile predicts cannabis use in the offspring of teenage mothers. | De Genna NM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The topography of multiple drug use among adolescent Australians: findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. | White A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Transitional life events and trajectories of cigarette and alcohol use during emerging adulthood: latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling. | Huh J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Addiction and "Generation Me:" Narcissistic and Prosocial Behaviors of Adolescents with Substance Dependency Disorder in Comparison to Normative Adolescents. | Carter RR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Adolescent behavior: multiple levels of social influence. | Temple JR | β | 2012 | β |
| Adolescent expectations of early death predict adult risk behaviors. | Nguyen QC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol use, alcohol problems, and problem behavior engagement among students at two schools in northern Mexico. | Mancha BE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A longitudinal examination of the relationships between childhood maltreatment and patterns of adolescent substance use among high-risk adolescents. | Hyucksun Shin S | β | 2012 | β |
| An epidemiological study of ADHD symptoms among young persons and the relationship with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use. | Gudjonsson GH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association between adverse life events and addictive behaviors among male and female adolescents. | Lee GP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Connecting ncRNA Cigarette Smoking Studies with Tobacco Use Behaviors and Health Outcomes. | Ehringer MA | β | 2012 | β |
| Evolution of concept, but not action, in addiction treatment. | Arria AM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic etiology of the common liability to drug dependence: evidence of common and specific mechanisms for DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Heroin self-administration and reinstatement of heroin-seeking in adolescent vs. adult male rats. | Doherty JM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| How important is the context of an adolescent's first alcoholic drink? Evidence that parental provision may reduce later heavy episodic drinking. | Kelly A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Individuality and contextual influences on drug dependence: a 15-year Prospective longitudinal study of adolescents from Harlem. | Brook JS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Predicting transitions in low and high levels of risk behavior from early to middle adolescence: the TRAILS study. | Monshouwer K et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Review of risk and protective factors of substance use and problem use in emerging adulthood. | Stone AL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| [Screening, referring and counseling of adolescents for substance abuse. A randomized controlled study on 2120 students]. | LΓ©callier D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Self-medication or social learning? A comparison of models to predict early adolescent drinking. | Tomlinson KL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Subjective effects for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana association with cross-drug outcomes. | Zeiger JS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Substance abuse may be a risk factor for earlier onset of Huntington disease. | Byars JA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence: advancing towards systems-based approaches. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of substance dependence. | Wang JC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The influence of socioeconomic status on cannabis use among French adolescents. | Legleye S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The relevance of age at first alcohol and nicotine use for initiation of cannabis use and progression to cannabis use disorders. | Behrendt S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Very young adolescents and alcohol: evidence of a unique susceptibility to peer alcohol use. | Kelly AB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Age of onset and timing of treatment for mental and substance use disorders: implications for preventive intervention strategies and models of care. | McGorry PD et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alcohol dependence symptoms among recent onset adolescent drinkers. | Lee CT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A prospective study of alcohol expectancies and self-efficacy as predictors of young adolescent alcohol misuse. | Connor JP et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and future substance use disorders: comparative meta-analyses. | Charach A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Common and drug-specific genetic influences on subjective effects to alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use. | Haberstick BC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Comorbid psychiatric disorders and nicotine dependence in adolescence. | Griesler PC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Nicotine alters limbic function in adolescent rat by a 5-HT1A receptor mechanism. | Dao JM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prevalence of the addictions: a problem of the majority or the minority? | Sussman S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Social gradient in initiation and transition to daily use of tobacco and cannabis during adolescence: a retrospective cohort study. | Legleye S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The epidemiology of DSM-IV alcohol use disorders amongst young adults in the Australian population. | Mewton L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The mediational pathway among parenting styles, attachment styles and self-regulation with addiction susceptibility of adolescents. | Zeinali A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Adolescent brain development, risk-taking and vulnerability to addiction. | Dayan J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol interventions for trauma patients are not just for adults: justification for brief interventions for the injured adolescent at a pediatric trauma center. | Ehrlich PF et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cannabis dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: age of onset of use, DSM-IV symptoms, withdrawal, and heritability. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Office of National Drug Control Policy: a scientist in drug policy in Washington, DC. | Madras BK | β | 2010 | β |
| Reinstatement of cocaine seeking induced by drugs, cues, and stress in adolescent and adult rats. | Anker JJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The emergence of gonadal hormone influences on dopaminergic function during puberty. | Kuhn C et al. | β | 2010 | β |