Brain signatures of monetary loss and gain: outcome-related potentials in a single outcome gambling task.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Kamarajan, Chella; Porjesz, Bernice; Rangaswamy, Madhavi; Tang, Yongqiang; Chorlian, David B; Padmanabhapillai, Ajayan; Saunders, Ramotse; Pandey, Ashwini K; Roopesh, Bangalore N; Manz, Niklas; Stimus, Arthur T; Begleiter, Henri
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Behavioural brain research
- PMID
- 18775749
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.08.011
- PMCID
- PMC2645043
This study evaluates the event-related potential (ERP) components in a single outcome gambling task that involved monetary losses and gains. The participants were 50 healthy young volunteers (25 males and 25 females). The gambling task involved valence (loss and gain) and amount (50 cent and 10 cent) as outcomes. The outcome-related negativity (ORN/N2) and outcome-related positivity (ORP/P3) were analyzed and compared across conditions and gender. Monetary gain (compared to loss) and higher amount (50 cent compared to 10 cent) produced higher amplitudes and shorter latencies in both ORN and ORP components. Difference wave plots showed that earlier processing (200-400 ms) is dominated by the valence (loss/gain) while later processing (after 400 ms) is marked by the amount (50 cent/10 cent). Functional mapping using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) indicated that the ORN separated the loss against gain in both genders, while the ORP activity distinguished the 50 cent against 10 cent in males. This study further strengthens the view that separate brain processes/circuitry may mediate loss and gain. Although there were no gender differences in behavioral and impulsivity scores, ORN and ORP measures for different task conditions had significant correlations with behavioral scores. This gambling paradigm may potentially offer valuable indicators to study outcome processing and impulsivity in normals as well as in clinical populations.
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|---|---|
| +10 condition local | phenotype |
| 10 condition local | phenotype |
| +50 condition local | phenotype |
| -50 condition local | phenotype |
| 50 condition local | phenotype |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Alcohol/substance dependence local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| alternative outcome stimuli local | phenotype |
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| Amount 10 local | phenotype |
| Amount 50 local | phenotype |
| amplitude | phenotype |
| amygdala | anatomy |
| Anterior activation local | anatomy |
| Anterior area local | anatomy |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32) local | anatomy |
| anterior region | anatomy |
| autism | phenotype |
| Barratt impulsiveness scale version 11 local | phenotype |
| Behavioral adjustments local | phenotype |
| behavioral measures | phenotype |
| behavioral variables | phenotype |
| Bilateral occipital areas (BA-17 & 18) local | anatomy |
| Bilateral superior frontal gyrus (BA-6) local | anatomy |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| BIS | phenotype |
| BIS variables local | phenotype |
| Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute local | cohort |
| central | anatomy |
| central region | anatomy |
| centro-parietal region | anatomy |
| Cerebrovascular disease | phenotype |
| children of alcoholics | cohort |
| Chronic pain condition local | phenotype |
| CNS affecting medication local | drug |
| cognitive impulsivity (BIS) local | phenotype |
| cognitive strategy during information processing local | phenotype |
| coherence | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| conflict hypothesis local | phenotype |
| Contextual loss/gain local | phenotype |
| controls | cohort |
| Cz | anatomy |
| Cz electrode | anatomy |
| Degenerative disease | phenotype |
| delirium | phenotype |
| dementia | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| Drug/alcohol dependence local | phenotype |
| early processing window (200-400 ms) local | phenotype |
| ERN | phenotype |
| EROs | phenotype |
| ERP | phenotype |
| ERP factor 1 | phenotype |
| ERP factor 2 | phenotype |
| ERP factor 3 | phenotype |
| ERP latency variables local | phenotype |
| ERP measures | phenotype |
| ERP signal local | phenotype |
| ERP variables | phenotype |
| error/correct dimension local | phenotype |
| Error paradigms local | phenotype |
| error-related negativity | phenotype |
| event-related brain oscillations | phenotype |
| Externalizing traits/disorders local | phenotype |
| Falkenstein local | cohort |
| feedback ERN local | phenotype |
| feedback-related negativity | phenotype |
| female group local | cohort |
| female subjects | cohort |
| fERN local | phenotype |
| Fp1 | anatomy |
| Fp2 | anatomy |
| FRN | gene |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| fronto-central region | anatomy |
| frontocentral scalp distribution local | anatomy |
| Fz | anatomy |
| GAIN | cohort |
| gain condition | phenotype |
| gain outcome local | phenotype |
| gain outcomes local | phenotype |
| Gain processing local | phenotype |
| Gambling paradigm local | cohort |
| gambling paradigms local | phenotype |
| gambling tasks local | phenotype |
| Gambling tasks local | phenotype |
| Gehring & Willoughby local | cohort |
| Gender difference in outcome processing local | phenotype |
| Head injury | phenotype |
| healthy controls | cohort |
| Holroyd et al. local | cohort |
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| human brain | anatomy |
| Impulsive responses IR-1 local | phenotype |
| Impulsive responses IR-2 local | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| Impulsivity measure local | phenotype |
| inferior parietal lobule | anatomy |
| inhibition hypothesis local | phenotype |
| Iowa Gambling Task | phenotype |
| large amount | phenotype |
| larger amount local | phenotype |
| larger Amount local | phenotype |
| larger amounts (+50 and -50) local | phenotype |
| Larger outcome amount local | phenotype |
| latency | phenotype |
| later processing window (after 400 ms) local | phenotype |
| Left angular gyrus (BA-39) local | anatomy |
| Left paralimbic temporal area (BA-38) local | anatomy |
| left temporal cortex | anatomy |
| limbic lobe | anatomy |
| liver disease | phenotype |
| LORETA | drug |
| loss | phenotype |
| loss condition | phenotype |
| loss/gain dimension local | phenotype |
| loss outcome local | phenotype |
| loss outcomes local | phenotype |
| Loss-related activity local | phenotype |
| Loss-related processing local | phenotype |
| male group local | cohort |
| male subjects | cohort |
| medial frontal area local | anatomy |
| medial frontal cortex | anatomy |
| medial frontal gyrus (BA 10, 11) local | anatomy |
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| MFN local | phenotype |
| mismatch hypothesis local | phenotype |
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| motor impulsivity (BIS) local | phenotype |
| N2 component | phenotype |
| Negative/loss outcomes local | phenotype |
| neuro-cognitive abilities local | phenotype |
| neutral | phenotype |
| neutral condition | phenotype |
| Nieuwenhuis et al. local | cohort |
| non-planning | phenotype |
| normal controls | cohort |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| occipital cortex | anatomy |
| oddΒball paradigm local | phenotype |
| oppositional defiant disorder | phenotype |
| orbital gyrus local | anatomy |
| Orbital gyrus local | anatomy |
| ORN | anatomy |
| ORN amplitude local | phenotype |
| ORN component | phenotype |
| ORN features local | phenotype |
| ORN latency local | phenotype |
| ORN latency (gain) local | phenotype |
| ORN latency (loss) local | phenotype |
| ORP | phenotype |
| ORP amplitude | phenotype |
| ORP component | phenotype |
| ORP latency local | phenotype |
| ORP latency (+10) local | phenotype |
| ORP latency (+50) local | phenotype |
| ORP latency (-50) local | phenotype |
| Other psychoses local | phenotype |
| outcome processing | phenotype |
| outcome-related negativity | phenotype |
| Outcome-Related Negativity (ORN) local | anatomy |
| Outcome-Related Negativity (ORN) local | phenotype |
| Outcome-Related Potential (ORP) local | phenotype |
| Outcome/reward processing local | phenotype |
| overall survival | phenotype |
| P2 local | phenotype |
| P3b amplitude | phenotype |
| P3 component | phenotype |
| P3 potential local | phenotype |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| pathological gambling | phenotype |
| Pe local | phenotype |
| Penalty amount local | phenotype |
| persistent neural/cognitive state (until 800 ms) local | phenotype |
| Positive/gain outcomes local | phenotype |
| Posterior activation local | anatomy |
| Posterior area local | anatomy |
| posterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| Posterior parietal activation local | anatomy |
| precuneus | anatomy |
| predicted no-reward local | phenotype |
| predicted reward local | phenotype |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| prior gambling experience local | phenotype |
| Pz | anatomy |
| quality (loss/gain) local | phenotype |
| quantity (larger/smaller) local | phenotype |
| reaction time | phenotype |
| reaction time variables local | phenotype |
| Recent surgery local | phenotype |
| region | anatomy |
| reinforcement learning hypothesis local | phenotype |
| response inhibition | phenotype |
| reward | phenotype |
| reward processing | phenotype |
| reward-sensitive activity local | phenotype |
| reward system | anatomy |
| reward valence local | phenotype |
| reward value of alternative outcomes local | phenotype |
| Right angular gyrus (BA-39) local | anatomy |
| right temporal cortex | anatomy |
| Right temporal pole (BA-38) local | anatomy |
| risk-taking behavior | phenotype |
| RT variables local | phenotype |
| scalp regions local | anatomy |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| selection frequency | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| sex differences | phenotype |
| single outcome gambling task local | cohort |
| single-outcome gambling task (SOG) local | phenotype |
| small amount | phenotype |
| smaller amount local | phenotype |
| smaller Amount local | phenotype |
| Smaller outcome amount local | phenotype |
| SOG paradigm local | cohort |
| SOG paradigm local | phenotype |
| striatum | anatomy |
| substance use | phenotype |
| Supramarginal gyrus (BA-40) local | anatomy |
| Talairach atlas local | anatomy |
| Task-related behavioral scores local | phenotype |
| theta band | phenotype |
| total power | phenotype |
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| TRB factor 1 | phenotype |
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| TRB factor 3 | phenotype |
| TRB variables local | phenotype |
| two-outcome tasks local | phenotype |
| unpredicted no-reward local | phenotype |
| valence | phenotype |
| ventral striatum | anatomy |
| Visual P3 amplitude local | phenotype |
| win condition local | phenotype |
| Yacubian et al. study local | cohort |
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