The role of GABA(A) receptors in the acute and chronic effects of ethanol: a decade of progress.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Kumar, Sandeep; Porcu, Patrizia; Werner, David F; Matthews, Douglas B; Diaz-Granados, Jaime L; Helfand, Rebecca S; Morrow, A Leslie
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Psychopharmacology
- PMID
- 19455309
- DOI
- 10.1007/s00213-009-1562-z
- PMCID
- PMC2814770
The past decade has brought many advances in our understanding of GABA(A) receptor-mediated ethanol action in the central nervous system. We now know that specific GABA(A) receptor subtypes are sensitive to ethanol at doses attained during social drinking while other subtypes respond to ethanol at doses attained by severe intoxication. Furthermore, ethanol increases GABAergic neurotransmission through indirect effects, including the elevation of endogenous GABAergic neuroactive steroids, presynaptic release of GABA, and dephosphorylation of GABA(A) receptors promoting increases in GABA sensitivity. Ethanol's effects on intracellular signaling also influence GABAergic transmission in multiple ways that vary across brain regions and cell types. The effects of chronic ethanol administration are influenced by adaptations in GABA(A) receptor function, expression, trafficking, and subcellular localization that contribute to ethanol tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal hyperexcitability. Adolescents exhibit altered sensitivity to ethanol actions, the tendency for higher drinking and longer lasting GABAergic adaptations to chronic ethanol administration. The elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie adaptations to ethanol exposure are leading to a better understanding of the regulation of inhibitory transmission and new targets for therapies to support recovery from ethanol withdrawal and alcoholism.
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| 129/SvJ mice local | cohort |
| [3H]Ro15-4513 local | drug |
| 3-propoxy-Ξ²-carboline hydrochloride local | drug |
| 3Ξ±,5Ξ±-THDOC local | drug |
| 3Ξ±,5Ξ±-THP local | drug |
| 5Ξ±-dihydroprogesterone local | drug |
| A-allele at GABRA2 local | variant |
| acquired tolerance local | phenotype |
| acute behavioral effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| Acute cognitive-impairing effect local | phenotype |
| Acute ethanol-related behaviors local | phenotype |
| acute functional tolerance | phenotype |
| acute tolerance | phenotype |
| adaptin-Ξ± local | drug |
| ADH1C | gene |
| adolescent mice | cohort |
| adolescent rats | cohort |
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| ADRB1 local | gene |
| Adrenalectomy local | drug |
| adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone local | drug |
| Adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone local | drug |
| adulthood | cohort |
| adult mice | cohort |
| Adult mice adolescent ethanol exposure local | cohort |
| adult rats | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| AFT to ethanol local | phenotype |
| AFT to motor coordination local | phenotype |
| AFT to motor-impairing effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| AFT to motor incoordination local | phenotype |
| age at first drunkenness local | phenotype |
| Alanine291 local | variant |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol-dependent rats | cohort |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| alcohol metabolism | phenotype |
| alcohol self-administration | phenotype |
| alcohol sensitivity | phenotype |
| alcohol tolerance | phenotype |
| Alcohol toxicity | phenotype |
| alphaxalone | drug |
| Amacrine cells local | anatomy |
| amygdala | anatomy |
| anesthetics | drug |
| animal models | cohort |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| anticonvulsant | drug |
| Anticonvulsant effect local | phenotype |
| Antidepressant-like effect local | phenotype |
| antisense oligonucleotides local | drug |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| Anxiogenesis local | phenotype |
| anxiogenic-like effects | phenotype |
| anxiolysis | phenotype |
| anxiolytic | phenotype |
| anxiolytic effect | phenotype |
| AP-2 | drug |
| AP-2 local | gene |
| apoE | gene |
| ataxia | phenotype |
| ataxic effect | phenotype |
| Attentional processes local | phenotype |
| Attenuated ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion local | phenotype |
| Attenuation of loss of righting reflex local | phenotype |
| Aversive properties of ethanol local | phenotype |
| BAPTA local | drug |
| Barbiturate cross-tolerance local | phenotype |
| barbiturates | drug |
| basal ganglia | anatomy |
| Baseline spontaneous neural activity local | phenotype |
| basolateral amygdala | anatomy |
| Bdnf | gene |
| behavioral abnormalities | phenotype |
| Behavioral actions of ethanol local | phenotype |
| behavioral effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| Benzodiazepine agonists local | drug |
| Benzodiazepine binding local | drug |
| Benzodiazepine cross-tolerance local | phenotype |
| Benzodiazepine inverse agonists local | drug |
| benzo-diazepines local | drug |
| benzodiazepines | drug |
| bicuculline | drug |
| bicuculline-induced seizure threshold local | phenotype |
| Blunted HPA axis activity local | phenotype |
| blunted inhibitory response local | phenotype |
| brain | anatomy |
| brain oscillations | phenotype |
| BXD mice | cohort |
| BXD recombinant inbred strains local | cohort |
| C57BL/6J | cohort |
| CA1 | anatomy |
| CA3 region local | anatomy |
| calcium | drug |
| cAMP | drug |
| CB34 local | drug |
| central amygdala | anatomy |
| central nervous system | anatomy |
| CerebellarGranularCells local | anatomy |
| cerebellar granule cells | anatomy |
| cerebellar microsacs local | anatomy |
| cerebellum | anatomy |
| Changes in brain size local | phenotype |
| Changes in neuronal networks local | phenotype |
| Changes in receptor number and composition local | phenotype |
| chloride ion local | drug |
| chloride uptake potentiation local | phenotype |
| CHPG local | drug |
| chronic alcoholism | phenotype |
| chronic ethanol exposure | phenotype |
| Chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure local | drug |
| Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence local | cohort |
| chronic stress | phenotype |
| chronic tolerance | phenotype |
| CIE rats local | cohort |
| cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| clathrin local | drug |
| CNS excitability local | phenotype |
| CNS hyperexcitability | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| Cognition impairment local | phenotype |
| cognitive-impairing local | phenotype |
| Cognitive-impairing effect local | phenotype |
| Cognitive tolerance local | phenotype |
| Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) | cohort |
| conditioned place preference | phenotype |
| conditioned taste aversion | phenotype |
| control | cohort |
| controls | cohort |
| control subjects | cohort |
| cortex | anatomy |
| cortical neurons | anatomy |
| corticosterone | drug |
| CRF | drug |
| Cynomolgus macaque cohort local | cohort |
| cynomolgus macaques | cohort |
| Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) local | cohort |
| DBA/2J | cohort |
| death | phenotype |
| decreased sensitivity to ethanol potentiation local | phenotype |
| Decreased sensitivity to ethanol potentiation local | phenotype |
| deep cortical layers local | anatomy |
| dentate granule cells | anatomy |
| dentate gyrus | anatomy |
| Deoxycorticosterone local | drug |
| Deoxycorticosterone metabolites local | drug |
| DHEA local | drug |
| diazepam | drug |
| diazepam resistance local | phenotype |
| diazepam-selective mice local | cohort |
| diazepam sensitivity local | phenotype |
| Diazepam-treated mice during withdrawal local | cohort |
| Discriminative stimulus effects local | phenotype |
| Discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| disinhibition | phenotype |
| Dizocilpine local | drug |
| dopamine | drug |
| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| DRD2B local | gene |
| EAAT2 | gene |
| EA population | cohort |
| Early adolescent C57BL/6J mice local | cohort |
| EEG | phenotype |
| Enhanced anxiety local | phenotype |
| Enhanced GABAA receptor function local | phenotype |
| epilepsy | phenotype |
| ethanol addiction local | phenotype |
| ethanol and volatile anesthetic insensitivity local | phenotype |
| ethanol ataxia local | phenotype |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| ethanol dependence | phenotype |
| ethanol-dependent local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-dependent patients abstinent for at least 6 weeks local | cohort |
| Ethanol-dependent patients after 2 months of abstinence local | cohort |
| ethanol-dependent subjects (1 week abstinent, non-smoking) local | cohort |
| ethanol-dependent subjects (1 week abstinent, smoking) local | cohort |
| ethanol-dependent subjects (8β11 weeks abstinent) local | cohort |
| Ethanol elimination local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-enhanced tonic current local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-enhanced tonic inhibition local | phenotype |
| ethanol enhancement of GABAA receptor function local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-induced activity local | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced anxiolysis local | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced ataxia local | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced hypothermia | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced increases in tonic inhibition local | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex | phenotype |
| Ethanol-induced potentiation local | phenotype |
| ethanol-induced potentiation of Ξ±4Ξ²Ξ΄-GABAA receptors local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-induced toxicity local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-like discriminative stimulus effects local | phenotype |
| Ethanol-maintained responding local | phenotype |
| ethanol-mediated behavior local | phenotype |
| Ethanol non-tolerant rats local | cohort |
| ethanol preference | phenotype |
| Ethanol-preferring rats local | cohort |
| ethanol reinforcement | phenotype |
| Ethanol-related aggression local | phenotype |
| ethanol-related responses local | phenotype |
| ethanol's hypothermic effects local | phenotype |
| ethanol's motor ataxic effects local | phenotype |
| ethanol's motor-impairing effects local | phenotype |
| ethanol's sedative-hypnotic effects local | phenotype |
| ethanol use local | phenotype |
| ethanol withdrawal | phenotype |
| Ethanol withdrawal HICs local | phenotype |
| Ethanol withdrawal seizure susceptibility local | phenotype |
| Ethanol withdrawal severity local | phenotype |
| etomidate | drug |
| European ancestry alcoholics local | cohort |
| executive function | phenotype |
| Experimentation with drugs local | phenotype |
| Extrasynaptic site local | anatomy |
| faster recovery from ethanol-induced motor ataxia local | phenotype |
| FAST & SLOW mice local | cohort |
| Female adolescent development local | phenotype |
| female ethanol-dependent subjects (withdrawn with benzodiazepines, β₯3 months abstinent) local | cohort |
| finasteride local | drug |
| Finasteride local | drug |
| Finnish population | cohort |
| flumazenil | drug |
| flunitrazepam | drug |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| Fyn | gene |
| GABA | phenotype |
| GABAA receptor | drug |
| GABAA receptor subunit local | drug |
| GABAA receptor subunit gene cluster | gene |
| GABAA receptor surface expression local | phenotype |
| GABAA receptor system local | anatomy |
| GABAA receptor system local | gene |
| GABAA receptor Ξ³2 subunit local | variant |
| GABAA Ξ±1 receptor local | drug |
| GABAA Ξ±5 receptor local | drug |
| GABA/benzodiazepine receptor local | drug |
| GABAergic effects local | phenotype |
| GABAergic responses local | phenotype |
| GABA inhibition local | phenotype |
| GABA-mediated behaviors local | phenotype |
| GABA response potentiation local | phenotype |
| GABRA | gene |
| Gabra1 | gene |
| GABRA1 knockout mice local | cohort |
| GABRA1 L277A local | variant |
| GABRA1 S270H local | variant |
| GABRA2 | gene |
| GABRA3 | gene |
| Gabra4 | gene |
| GABRA4 knockdown mice local | cohort |
| GABRA5 | gene |
| GABRA5 knockout mice local | cohort |
| GABRA6 | gene |
| GABRA6 p.Pro385Ser local | variant |
| GABRA6 Pro385Ser local | variant |
| GABRA6 R100Q local | variant |
| GABRB | gene |
| GABRB1 | gene |
| Gabrb2 | gene |
| GABRB2-1,2 local | variant |
| Gabrb3 | gene |
| GABRB3 N265M local | variant |
| GABRB4 local | gene |
| Gabrd | gene |
| GABRD knockout mice local | cohort |
| GABRE | gene |
| GABRG | gene |
| Gabrg1 | gene |
| Gabrg2 | gene |
| Gabrg3 | gene |
| GABRP | gene |
| GABRQ | gene |
| GABRR local | gene |
| G-allele at GABRA2 local | variant |
| gamma-hydroxybutyric acid local | drug |
| gastrointestinal subjective effect local | phenotype |
| genetically modified mouse models local | cohort |
| Gerbils local | cohort |
| glutamate | drug |
| glycine | drug |
| GNB2L1 | gene |
| Gonadal maturation | phenotype |
| G protein-coupled receptor | drug |
| Greater anxiolytic response local | phenotype |
| greater enhancement of tonic inhibition local | phenotype |
| greater motor impairment due to ethanol local | phenotype |
| GRM5 | gene |
| H101R local | variant |
| H101R knockin mice local | cohort |
| Handling-induced convulsions (HICs) local | phenotype |
| healthy controls | cohort |
| HIC severity local | phenotype |
| higher binding local | phenotype |
| Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells local | anatomy |
| hippocampal CA1 region | anatomy |
| Hippocampal pyramidal neurons | anatomy |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| history of blackouts local | phenotype |
| HPA axis | anatomy |
| HSF1 local | gene |
| Htr2a | gene |
| Htr3a | gene |
| human | cohort |
| human alcoholics | phenotype |
| humans | cohort |
| hyperalgesia | phenotype |
| Hypersensitive to GABA local | phenotype |
| hypnosis local | phenotype |
| hypothalamus | anatomy |
| Hypothermic effect | phenotype |
| impaired cognitive function local | phenotype |
| inbred rodent strains local | cohort |
| inbred strains | cohort |
| Increased drug use local | phenotype |
| Increased risk choices local | phenotype |
| increased sensitivity of Ξ±6Ξ²3Ξ΄-GABAA receptors to ethanol local | phenotype |
| innate ethanol tolerance local | phenotype |
| innate tolerance local | phenotype |
| Insensitive to ethanol-induced potentiation local | phenotype |
| insensitivity to ataxic effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| insula | anatomy |
| intoxicating effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| iomazenil local | drug |
| Iomazenil local | drug |
| Japanese population | cohort |
| knockout mice | cohort |
| L277A local | variant |
| L-838,417 local | drug |
| learning and memory | phenotype |
| less sensitivity to ethanol effects local | phenotype |
| limbic regions | anatomy |
| Liver cirrhosis | phenotype |
| Locomotor-stimulant effect of ethanol local | phenotype |
| long-sleep mice local | cohort |
| Long-term ethanol exposure local | phenotype |
| lorazepam local | drug |
| Lorazepam local | drug |
| loss of righting reflex | phenotype |
| Loss of righting reflex duration local | phenotype |
| Low-dose ethanol sensitivity local | phenotype |
| LTP | phenotype |
| L-type calcium channel | drug |
| Male adolescent development local | phenotype |
| male ethanol-dependent subjects (1β6 months abstinent) local | cohort |
| Medial septal/diagonal band of Broca local | anatomy |
| memory | phenotype |
| mGluR5 | drug |
| mice | cohort |
| Mice selectively bred for ethanol withdrawal severity local | cohort |
| Mice trained to self-administer ethanol local | cohort |
| midazolam local | drug |
| Midazolam local | drug |
| Midazolam-induced time asleep local | phenotype |
| mIPSC amplitude | phenotype |
| mIPSC decay time local | phenotype |
| mIPSC frequency | phenotype |
| mIPSC response to ethanol local | phenotype |
| mIPSC rise time local | phenotype |
| monkeys | cohort |
| mortality | phenotype |
| motor ataxia local | phenotype |
| Motor ataxia local | phenotype |
| motor ataxic effects local | phenotype |
| Motor ataxic effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| motor coordination | phenotype |
| motor cortex | anatomy |
| Motor-impairing effect local | phenotype |
| motor incoordinating local | phenotype |
| Motor incoordinating effect local | phenotype |
| Motor incoordination | phenotype |
| MPEP | drug |
| muscimol | drug |
| Neocortical superficial layers IβIV local | anatomy |
| neonatal brain | anatomy |
| Neonatal rats | cohort |
| Neuroactive steroid local | drug |
| Neuroactive steroid levels local | phenotype |
| neuroactive steroids | drug |
| Neurobiological alterations local | phenotype |
| neuronal excitability | phenotype |
| Neurophysiological tolerance local | phenotype |
| nicotinic acetylcholine local | drug |
| NMDA | drug |
| NMDA receptor | drug |
| Non-cirrhotic alcoholic local | phenotype |
| non-drinkers | phenotype |
| Non-GABAergic targets local | drug |
| Non-smoking ethanol-dependent subjects local | cohort |
| normal GABA sensitivity local | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| nucleus accumbens core | anatomy |
| nucleus accumbens shell | anatomy |
| occipital cortex | anatomy |
| Offspring of male alcoholics local | phenotype |
| Operant responding for sucrose local | phenotype |
| orbitofrontal cortex | anatomy |
| outbred rats | cohort |
| outcome | phenotype |
| Pair-fed control rats local | cohort |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| PD 20 local | cohort |
| PD 22-60 local | cohort |
| PD 28-42 local | cohort |
| PD 28-60 local | cohort |
| PD 55 local | cohort |
| pentobarbital | drug |
| pentylenetetrazole | drug |
| pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures local | phenotype |
| Pentylenetetrazole-kindled animals local | cohort |
| perirhinal cortex | anatomy |
| Personality changes | phenotype |
| Phasic inhibition local | phenotype |
| Phosphatase inhibitor local | drug |
| phosphatases | drug |
| picrotoxin | drug |
| Pigeons local | cohort |
| PKA | drug |
| PKA local | phenotype |
| PKC | gene |
| PKCΞ³ knockout mice | cohort |
| PKCΞ΄ knockout mice local | cohort |
| PKCΞ΅ knockout mice | cohort |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| PRKACA | gene |
| PRKAR2A | gene |
| PRKAR2B local | gene |
| PRKCA | gene |
| PRKCB | gene |
| PRKCD | gene |
| PRKCE | gene |
| PRKCG | gene |
| pro-aggressive action local | phenotype |
| Pro-aggressive effect local | phenotype |
| problematic alcohol use | phenotype |
| progesterone | drug |
| Progesterone metabolites local | drug |
| Prolonged mIPSCs local | phenotype |
| propofol | drug |
| Protein kinase local | drug |
| protein kinase A | drug |
| protein kinases | drug |
| Protein phosphatase local | drug |
| Psychosocial treatments local | drug |
| puberty | phenotype |
| Quick recovery from ethanol local | phenotype |
| R100Q local | variant |
| RACK1-rVI local | drug |
| rapid tolerance | phenotype |
| rat model | cohort |
| rats | cohort |
| recombinant inbred rodent strains local | cohort |
| recombinant inbred strains local | cohort |
| reduced binding local | phenotype |
| reduced loss of righting reflex duration local | phenotype |
| reduced sensitivity to anxiolytic effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| Reduced sensitivity to benzodiazepines local | phenotype |
| Reduced sensitivity to ethanol local | phenotype |
| Reduced sensitivity to sedative effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| Repeated withdrawal animals local | cohort |
| Response to diazepam local | phenotype |
| Rewarding effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| Rewarding properties of ethanol | phenotype |
| RII subunit mutant Drosophila local | cohort |
| RII subunit of PKA local | phenotype |
| RIIΞ² subunit mutant mice local | cohort |
| Risk of abuse local | phenotype |
| Ro15-4513 | drug |
| rodents | cohort |
| Rp-cAMPS | drug |
| rs279858 | variant |
| RY023 local | drug |
| S270H local | variant |
| S270H knockin mice local | cohort |
| S270H+L277A knockin mice local | cohort |
| saccharin | drug |
| Sardinian non-preferring rats local | cohort |
| Scottish population local | cohort |
| sedative effects | phenotype |
| Sedative effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic local | phenotype |
| Sedative-hypnotic actions local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic effect local | phenotype |
| Sedative-hypnotic effect local | phenotype |
| Sedative-hypnotic effect of ethanol local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic effects local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic response to ethanol local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic response to propofol local | phenotype |
| sedative-hypnotic sensitivity local | phenotype |
| sedatives | drug |
| sedative subjective effect local | phenotype |
| Sedative tolerance local | phenotype |
| Seizure severity local | phenotype |
| Seizure susceptibility | phenotype |
| selectively bred mice local | cohort |
| selectively bred rodent strains local | cohort |
| selectively bred strains local | cohort |
| sensitivity to midazolam local | phenotype |
| Sensitivity to motor-impairing effects of ethanol local | phenotype |
| sensitivity to pentobarbital local | phenotype |
| sensitivity to Ro15-4513 local | phenotype |
| sensitivity to zolpidem local | phenotype |
| sensitization | phenotype |
| Serine270 local | variant |
| Serine327 local | variant |
| serotonin | drug |
| Severity of ethanol withdrawal local | phenotype |
| short-sleep mice local | cohort |
| Sleep disruptions local | phenotype |
| Smoking ethanol-dependent subjects local | cohort |
| sNP rats local | cohort |
| Social and cognitive behaviors local | phenotype |
| sons of alcoholic fathers | phenotype |
| Southwestern Native American population local | cohort |
| spatial learning | phenotype |
| spatial memory | phenotype |
| spinal cord | anatomy |
| spinal cord neurons local | anatomy |
| Spontaneous seizures local | phenotype |
| Sprague-Dawley rats | cohort |
| sP rats local | cohort |
| squirrel monkeys | cohort |
| Steroid withdrawal excitability local | phenotype |
| stimulant subjective effect local | phenotype |
| striatum | anatomy |
| sucrose | drug |
| superior frontal cortex | anatomy |
| synapse | anatomy |
| taurine | drug |
| taurine release local | phenotype |
| temporal cortex | anatomy |
| temporal lobe | anatomy |
| testosterone | drug |
| thalamus | anatomy |
| TNF-Ξ± | drug |
| tolerance | phenotype |
| Tolerance to motor-impairing effects local | phenotype |
| tonic current | phenotype |
| tonic inhibition | phenotype |
| Total ethanol consumption local | phenotype |
| Uncomplicated alcoholic local | phenotype |
| ventral pallidum | anatomy |
| ventral tegmental area | anatomy |
| Ventrobasal thalamic neurons local | anatomy |
| volatile anesthetic | drug |
| Volatile anesthetic insensitivity local | phenotype |
| wild-type mice | cohort |
| Withdrawal-related anxiety local | phenotype |
| withdrawal seizure-prone mice local | cohort |
| withdrawal seizure-resistant mice local | cohort |
| young adults | cohort |
| zolpidem | drug |
| Ξ±1-GABAA receptor knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±1-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±1-GABAA receptor (S270H, L277A) knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±2-GABAA receptor knockin mice (H101R) local | cohort |
| Ξ±2-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±2 subunit local | drug |
| Ξ±3-GABAA receptor knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±4-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±5-GABAA receptor knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±5-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ±6-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ²2-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ²3-GABAA receptor knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ²3 N265M knockin mice local | cohort |
| Ξ²-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester local | drug |
| Ξ²-frequency EEG local | phenotype |
| Ξ²-frequency EEG power local | phenotype |
| Ξ³2-GABAA receptor transgenic mice local | cohort |
| Ξ³2L-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
| Ξ³2L-GABAA receptor transgenic mice local | cohort |
| Ξ³2S-GABAA receptor transgenic mice local | cohort |
| Ξ³-hydroxybutyric acid local | drug |
| Ξ΄-GABAA receptor knockout mice local | cohort |
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| Effects of naltrexone on firing activity of rat cortex neurons and its interactions with ethanol. | Kozhechkin SN et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Effects of the benzodiazepine GABAA Ξ±1-preferring ligand, 3-propoxy-Ξ²-carboline hydrochloride (3-PBC), on alcohol seeking and self-administration in baboons. | Kaminski BJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Ethanol activation of protein kinase A regulates GABAA Ξ±1 receptor function and trafficking in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. | Carlson SL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Ethanol affects acylated and total ghrelin levels in peripheral blood of alcohol-dependent rats. | Szulc M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Ethanol inhibits excitatory neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice through GABAA and GABAB receptors. | Mishra D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in discordant sib pairs with alcohol dependence. | Zhao R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Linking GABA(A) receptor subunits to alcohol-induced conditioned taste aversion and recovery from acute alcohol intoxication. | Blednov YA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Local changes in neurosteroid levels in the substantia nigra reticulata and the ventral tegmental area alter chronic ethanol withdrawal severity in male withdrawal seizure-prone mice. | Tanchuck MA et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Molecular and genetic determinants of alcohol dependence. | Awofala AA | β | 2013 | β |
| Nicotine decreases ethanol-induced dopamine signaling and increases self-administration via stress hormones. | Doyon WM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Opposite actions of alcohol on tonic GABA(A) receptor currents mediated by nNOS and PKC activity. | Kaplan JS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Pharmacologic choices for procedural sedation. | Takieddine S et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Potential substrates for nicotine and alcohol interactions: a focus on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. | Doyon WM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Predominance of D2 receptors in mediating dopamine's effects in brain metabolism: effects of alcoholism. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Primate cerebellar granule cells exhibit a tonic GABAAR conductance that is not affected by alcohol: a possible cellular substrate of the low level of response phenotype. | Mohr C et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Repeated restraint stress alters sensitivity to the social consequences of ethanol differentially in early and late adolescent rats. | Varlinskaya EI et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Stress, caffeine and ethanol trigger transient neurological dysfunction through shared mechanisms in a mouse calcium channelopathy. | Raike RS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Stress increases voluntary alcohol intake, but does not alter established drinking habits in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. | Meyer EM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Structural basis for potentiation by alcohols and anaesthetics in a ligand-gated ion channel. | Sauguet L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Synaptic effects induced by alcohol. | Lovinger DM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The neurobiology of alcohol consumption and alcoholism: an integrative history. | Tabakoff B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The neuropharmacology of the age-old sedative/hypnotic, ethanol. | Stevenson GW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Voluntary intravenous self-administration of alcohol detects an interaction between GABAergic manipulation and GABRG1 polymorphism genotype: a pilot study. | Plawecki MH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Alcohol affects the brain's resting-state network in social drinkers. | Lithari C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol and cognition in the elderly: a review. | Kim JW et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol dependence and criminal behavior: preliminary results of an association study of environmental and genetic factors in an Italian male population. | Terranova C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol Dependence and Genes Encoding Ξ±2 and Ξ³1 GABAA Receptor Subunits: Insights from Humans and Mice. | Borghese CM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Animal models for medications development targeting alcohol abuse using selectively bred rat lines: neurobiological and pharmacological validity. | Bell RL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression after acute administration of ethanol. | Raivio N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Chloride intracellular channels modulate acute ethanol behaviors in Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. | Bhandari P et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and neuropeptide Y (NPY): effects on inhibitory transmission in central amygdala, and anxiety- & alcohol-related behaviors. | Gilpin NW | β | 2012 | β |
| Dexmedetomidine as adjunct treatment for severe alcohol withdrawal in the ICU. | Rayner SG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Dihydromyricetin as a novel anti-alcohol intoxication medication. | Shen Y et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Dual regulation by ethanol of the inhibitory effects of ketamine on spinal NMDA-induced pressor responses in rats. | Keng NT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effect of ganaxolone and THIP on operant and limited-access ethanol self-administration. | Ramaker MJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effects of alcohol on the membrane excitability and synaptic transmission of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. | Marty VN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effects of morphine and alcohol on functional brain connectivity during "resting state": a placebo-controlled crossover study in healthy young men. | Khalili-Mahani N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Epigenetics-beyond the genome in alcoholism. | Starkman BG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol Activation of Protein Kinase A Regulates GABA(A) Receptor Subunit Expression in the Cerebral Cortex and Contributes to Ethanol-Induced Hypnosis. | Kumar S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol alters opioid regulation of Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels in PC12 cells. | Gruol DL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol-induced loss-of-righting response during ethanol withdrawal in male and female rats: associations with alterations in Arc labeling. | Walls SA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol reduces the phase locking of neural activity in human and rodent brain. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors: their function in the CNS and implications for disease. | Brickley SG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| GABAergic gene expression in postmortem hippocampus from alcoholics and cocaine addicts; corresponding findings in alcohol-naΓ―ve P and NP rats. | Enoch MA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| GABA system dysfunction in autism and related disorders: from synapse to symptoms. | Coghlan S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Glyoxalase 1 increases anxiety by reducing GABAA receptor agonist methylglyoxal. | Distler MG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Histone deacetylases (HDAC)-induced histone modifications in the amygdala: a role in rapid tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of ethanol. | Sakharkar AJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Introduction to the special issue "Pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and dependence" and a summary of patents targeting other neurotransmitter systems. | Bell RL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neuropeptide modulation of central amygdala neuroplasticity is a key mediator of alcohol dependence. | Gilpin NW et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neurosteroid influences on sensitivity to ethanol. | Helms CM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neurotoxic effects of ivermectin administration in genetically engineered mice with targeted insertion of the mutated canine ABCB1 gene. | Orzechowski KL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol and drug addiction: focus on GABA, ion channels and transcranial magnetic stimulation. | Addolorato G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pilot study of iPS-derived neural cells to examine biologic effects of alcohol on human neurons in vitro. | Lieberman R et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Role for ventral pallidal GABAergic mechanisms in the regulation of ethanol self-administration. | Kemppainen H et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Role of Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) and methylglyoxal (MG) in behavior: recent advances and mechanistic insights. | Distler MG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The central amygdala and alcohol: role of Ξ³-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and neuropeptides. | Roberto M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The cerebellum as a target for estrogen action. | Hedges VL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The effects of heavy social drinking on executive function: a systematic review and meta-analytic study of existing literature and new empirical findings. | Montgomery C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Therapeutic implications for striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) in neuropsychiatric disorders. | Goebel-Goody SM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The relationship of appetitive, reproductive and posterior pituitary hormones to alcoholism and craving in humans. | Kenna GA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Vitamin A, folate, and choline as a possible preventive intervention to fetal alcohol syndrome. | Ballard MS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol and Caffeine: The Perfect Storm. | FerrΓ© S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Alteration of ethanol drinking in mice via modulation of the GABA(A) receptor with ganaxolone, finasteride, and gaboxadol. | Ramaker MJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A systems genetic analysis of alcohol drinking by mice, rats and men: influence of brain GABAergic transmission. | Saba LM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Binge Drinking: In Search of its Molecular Target via the GABA(A) Receptor. | Yang AR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Chronic ethanol and withdrawal differentially modulate lateral/basolateral amygdala paracapsular and local GABAergic synapses. | Diaz MR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Disrupted thalamic T-type Ca2+ channel expression and function during ethanol exposure and withdrawal. | Graef JD et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effect of acute ethanol and acute allopregnanolone on spatial memory in adolescent and adult rats. | Chin VS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of alcohol on brain responses to social signals of threat in humans. | Sripada CS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of anxiolytics in zebrafish: similarities and differences between benzodiazepines, buspirone and ethanol. | Gebauer DL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Enhanced Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Inhibition of LTP in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons of Socially Isolated C57BL/6J Mice: Role of Neurosteroids. | Talani G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ethanol modulation of synaptic plasticity. | McCool BA | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic association study of GABRA2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and electroencephalography in alcohol dependence. | Lydall GJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Joint hypermobility, fears, and chocolate consumption. | Pailhez G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Localization of brain 5Ξ±-reductase messenger RNA in mice selectively bred for high chronic alcohol withdrawal severity. | Roselli CE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Neuroimaging insights into the role of cortical GABA systems and the influence of nicotine on the recovery from alcohol dependence. | Cosgrove KP et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| PKCΞ³ is required for ethanol-induced increases in GABA(A) receptor Ξ±4 subunit expression in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. | Werner DF et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Plasticity of GABAA receptors after ethanol pre-exposure in cultured hippocampal neurons. | Shen Y et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prolonged chronic ethanol exposure alters neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor levels in the brain of adult Wistar rats. | Criado JR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Selective Changes of GABA(A) Channel Subunit mRNAs in the Hippocampus and Orbitofrontal Cortex but not in Prefrontal Cortex of Human Alcoholics. | Jin Z et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Striatal involvement in human alcoholism and alcohol consumption, and withdrawal in animal models. | Chen G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Substantia nigra pars reticulata is crucially involved in barbiturate and ethanol withdrawal in mice. | Chen G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Subunit Compensation and Plasticity of Synaptic GABA(A) Receptors Induced by Ethanol in Ξ±4 Subunit Knockout Mice. | Suryanarayanan A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The effect of age on the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol and its GABA(A) receptor mediation in cynomolgus monkeys. | Helms CM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The role of setting in the oral self-administration of alcohol in the rat. | Testa A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Voluntary Ethanol Consumption Induced by Social Isolation Reverses the Increase of Ξ±(4)/Ξ΄ GABA(A) Receptor Gene Expression and Function in the Hippocampus of C57BL/6J Mice. | Sanna E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Acetate causes alcohol hangover headache in rats. | Maxwell CR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Adolescence and alcohol: recent advances in understanding the impact of alcohol use during a critical developmental window. | Matthews DB | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol dependence and glutamate decarboxylase gene polymorphisms in an Italian male population. | Terranova C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol-induced blackout. Phenomenology, biological basis, and gender differences. | Rose ME et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcoholism and alternative splicing of candidate genes. | Sasabe T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol's effects on brain and behavior. | Sullivan EV et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol withdrawal: development of a standing order set. | Riddle E et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Behavioral effects of ethanol in cerebellum are age dependent: potential system and molecular mechanisms. | Van Skike CE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Chronic ethanol exposure produces tolerance to elevations in neuroactive steroids: mechanisms and reversal by exogenous ACTH. | Boyd KN et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Dopaminergic reward system: a short integrative review. | Arias-CarriΓ³n O et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Effects of ethanol on hippocampal function during adolescence: a look at the past and thoughts on the future. | Chin VS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization in DBA/2J mice is associated with alterations in GABA(A) subunit gene expression and behavioral sensitivity to GABA(A) acting drugs. | Linsenbardt DN et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Ethanol reduces GABAA alpha1 subunit receptor surface expression by a protein kinase Cgamma-dependent mechanism in cultured cerebral cortical neurons. | Kumar S et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Flunitrazepam in combination with alcohol engenders high levels of aggression in mice and rats. | de Almeida RM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| GABA(A) receptors in the dorsal raphΓ© nucleus of mice: escalation of aggression after alcohol consumption. | Takahashi A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic research: who is at risk for alcoholism. | Foroud T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Glutamate plasticity in the drunken amygdala: the making of an anxious synapse. | McCool BA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Midazolam inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning through dual central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptor activation and neurosteroidogenesis. | Tokuda K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Pregnenolone and ganaxolone reduce operant ethanol self-administration in alcohol-preferring p rats. | Besheer J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Replacement with GABAergic steroid precursors restores the acute ethanol withdrawal profile in adrenalectomy/gonadectomy mice. | Kaufman KR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on presynaptic and postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons. | Fleming RL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The regulation of neuronal gene expression by alcohol. | Pignataro L et al. | β | 2009 | β |