Age at first drink and the first incidence of adult-onset DSM-IV alcohol use disorders.
- Authors
- Dawson, Deborah A; Goldstein, RisΓ« B; Chou, S Patricia; Ruan, W June; Grant, Bridget F
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
- PMID
- 18828796
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00806.x
- PMCID
- PMC2760820
BACKGROUND: Existing studies of the association between age at first drink (AFD) and the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) suffer from inconsistent levels of control and designs that may inflate associations by failure to control for duration of exposure to risk. METHODS: This study examined associations between AFD (ages <15 and 15-17 vs. 18+ years) and first incidence of DSM-IV alcohol dependence, abuse, and specific AUD criteria over a 3-year follow-up in a longitudinal study of U.S. drinkers 18 years of age and older at baseline (n = 22,316), controlling for duration of exposure, family history, and a wide range of baseline and childhood risk factors. RESULTS: After adjusting for all risk factors, the incidence of dependence was increased for AFD <15 years (OR = 1.38) and for women only with AFD at ages 15 to 17 (OR = 1.54). The incidence of abuse was increased at AFD <15 and 15 to 17 years (OR = 1.52 and 1.30, respectively). Most dependence criteria showed significant associations with AFD, but hazardous drinking and continued drinking despite interpersonal problems were the only abuse criteria to do so. All associations were nonsignificant after controlling for volume of consumption, except that AFD at all ages <18 combined was associated with a reduced likelihood of impaired control, and AFD at ages 15 to 17 was associated with lower odds of drinking more/longer than intended among heavy-volume drinkers. In a population of low-risk drinkers that excluded those with positive family histories, personality disorders, and childhood risk factors, there were strong associations between early AFD (<18) and the incidence of dependence (OR = 3.79) and continued drinking despite physical/psychological problems (OR = 2.71), but no association with incidence of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: There is a robust association between AFD and the risk of AUD that appears to reflect willful rather than uncontrolled heavy drinking, consistent with misuse governed by poor decision-making and/or reward-processing skills associated with impaired executive cognitive function (ECF). Additional research is needed to determine causality in the role of impaired ECF, including longitudinal studies with samples of low-risk adolescents.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 15-to-17-year-old boys local | cohort |
| 15-to-17-year-old girls local | cohort |
| 2000 Decennial Census local | cohort |
| Activities given up because of drinking local | phenotype |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| adolescent drinking | phenotype |
| adverse physical/psychological consequences local | phenotype |
| AFD at ages 15-17 local | phenotype |
| age | phenotype |
| age at first drink | phenotype |
| Age at First Drink <15 local | phenotype |
| Age at First Drink 15-17 local | phenotype |
| Age at first drink (AFD) local | phenotype |
| Age at First Drink (AFD) local | phenotype |
| age at onset | phenotype |
| Age of first drink (AFD) local | phenotype |
| agoraphobia | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol Problems | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder abuse local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder continued drinking despite alcohol-related interpersonal problems local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder dependence local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder drinking more or longer than intended local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder important activities given up local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder recurrent drinking in hazardous conditions local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder withdrawal local | phenotype |
| antisocial personality disorder | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| Any alcohol problems local | phenotype |
| AUD | phenotype |
| AUDADIS-IV alcohol diagnoses local | phenotype |
| avoidant personality disorder | phenotype |
| axis I disorder | phenotype |
| Axis II disorders | phenotype |
| baseline lifetime AUD symptoms local | phenotype |
| baseline past-year drug dependence local | phenotype |
| Baseline past-year drug dependence local | phenotype |
| Baseline past-year illicit drug users local | cohort |
| baseline past-year nicotine dependence local | phenotype |
| Baseline past-year nicotine dependence local | phenotype |
| Baseline past-year smokers local | cohort |
| Baseline Psychiatric Disorders local | phenotype |
| Baseline Risk Factors local | phenotype |
| baseline smoking local | phenotype |
| Baseline Substance Use local | phenotype |
| Baseline Wave 1 interview cohort local | cohort |
| behavior problems | phenotype |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| birth cohort | cohort |
| Black | phenotype |
| borderline personality disorder | phenotype |
| Canadian Sample (DeWit et al., 2000) local | cohort |
| cannabis dependence | phenotype |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| Chewing tobacco | drug |
| childhood conduct disorder | phenotype |
| Childhood risk factors local | phenotype |
| Childhood Risk Factors local | phenotype |
| children under 18 in home local | phenotype |
| Children under 18 in home local | phenotype |
| Children under age 18 in the home local | phenotype |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| Cigars | drug |
| civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States local | cohort |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| cocaine/crack local | drug |
| Cocaine/crack local | drug |
| college attendance | phenotype |
| Common risk group local | cohort |
| Continued drinking despite adverse physical/psychological effects local | phenotype |
| Continued Drinking Despite Alcohol-Related Interpersonal Problems local | phenotype |
| Continued drinking despite physical/psychological problems local | phenotype |
| cultural factors local | phenotype |
| decision making | phenotype |
| dependence | phenotype |
| dependent personality disorder | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| desire/unsuccessful attempts to stop or cut down local | phenotype |
| Deviance syndrome local | phenotype |
| drinking | phenotype |
| drinking initiation age <15 local | phenotype |
| drinking initiation age 15-17 local | phenotype |
| Drinking initiation age 15-17 local | phenotype |
| drinking initiation age 18+ local | phenotype |
| drinking more/longer than intended local | phenotype |
| Drinking more/longer than intended local | phenotype |
| Drinking More/Longer Than Intended local | phenotype |
| Drinking more or longer than intended local | phenotype |
| drinks per week | phenotype |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| DSM-IV disorder local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV illicit drug dependence local | phenotype |
| DSM-IV nicotine dependence | phenotype |
| dysthymia | phenotype |
| Early age at first drink (AFD <15) local | phenotype |
| early alcohol use | phenotype |
| Early drinking (<15) local | phenotype |
| Early drinking initiation (age <15) local | phenotype |
| early-onset anxiety disorder local | phenotype |
| early-onset mood disorder local | phenotype |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| Ethanol consumption local | drug |
| executive function | phenotype |
| Executive skills local | phenotype |
| familial risk | cohort |
| Family history density variable local | phenotype |
| Family History of Psychopathology local | phenotype |
| family history positive | phenotype |
| family structure | phenotype |
| First drink local | drug |
| generalized anxiety disorder | phenotype |
| hallucinogens | drug |
| hazardous drinking | phenotype |
| Heavy Adolescent Drinking local | phenotype |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| Heavy Volume of Consumption local | phenotype |
| high-risk individuals local | phenotype |
| histrionic personality disorder | phenotype |
| hypomania | phenotype |
| illicit drugs | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| incidence of dependence local | phenotype |
| incident abuse local | phenotype |
| incident dependence local | phenotype |
| Individuals who started drinking at ages 15-17 local | cohort |
| Individuals who started drinking at ages 18 or older local | cohort |
| Individuals who started drinking before age 15 local | cohort |
| Individuals with predisposing psychopathology local | cohort |
| inhalants/solvents | drug |
| Initiation of drinking at ages 15-17 local | phenotype |
| intact families | cohort |
| Juvenile delinquency local | phenotype |
| Last drink local | drug |
| Lifetime Personality Disorders local | phenotype |
| longitudinal research local | cohort |
| low initial level of response to ethanol local | phenotype |
| Low level of response to ethanol local | phenotype |
| low-risk drinkers local | cohort |
| Low-risk drinkers local | cohort |
| low-risk individuals local | phenotype |
| Low-risk population local | cohort |
| Low-risk Population local | cohort |
| Low-risk sample local | cohort |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| manifestations of the same disorders local | phenotype |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| marital status | phenotype |
| men | cohort |
| Mid adolescent age at first drink (AFD 15-17) local | phenotype |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder local | phenotype |
| National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions | cohort |
| National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism | cohort |
| NESARC | cohort |
| NESARC Wave 1 local | cohort |
| NESARC Wave 2 | cohort |
| nicotine | drug |
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | phenotype |
| older respondents | cohort |
| painkillers local | drug |
| Painkillers local | drug |
| panic disorder | phenotype |
| paranoid personality disorder | phenotype |
| Parental alcohol and drug use problems local | phenotype |
| parental approval of drinking local | phenotype |
| Parental behavioral problems local | phenotype |
| Parental mental health problems local | phenotype |
| parental substance problems local | phenotype |
| participants who consumed at least one drink between Wave 1 and Wave 2 local | cohort |
| peer alcohol use | phenotype |
| personality disorders | phenotype |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physical dependence | phenotype |
| Pipe tobacco local | drug |
| poor decision-making local | phenotype |
| positive alcohol expectancies | phenotype |
| Predisposing Family History local | phenotype |
| prefrontal white matter | anatomy |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| Public assistance | phenotype |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| Recurrent drinking in hazardous situations local | phenotype |
| Recurrent Drinking in Hazardous Situations local | phenotype |
| respondents | cohort |
| reward-processing skills local | phenotype |
| Risk exposure local | phenotype |
| risk groups for alcohol abuse local | cohort |
| risk groups for alcohol dependence local | cohort |
| risk groups for specific AUD criteria local | cohort |
| Risk group with no AUD criteria at baseline local | cohort |
| schizoid personality disorder | phenotype |
| schizotypal personality disorder | phenotype |
| sedatives | drug |
| sex | phenotype |
| sex differences | phenotype |
| Snuff | drug |
| social modeling of drinking behavior local | phenotype |
| social phobia | phenotype |
| specific AUD criteria local | phenotype |
| specific phobia | phenotype |
| stimulants | drug |
| substance use | phenotype |
| Time spent drinking | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| tolerance | phenotype |
| tranquilizers | drug |
| Volume of ethanol intake local | phenotype |
| voluntary alcohol consumption | phenotype |
| Wave 1 baseline interview local | cohort |
| Wave 1 interview local | cohort |
| wave 2 | cohort |
| Wave 2 interview local | cohort |
| willful misuse of alcohol local | phenotype |
| withdrawal | phenotype |
| women | cohort |
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