Consilient research approaches in studying gene x environment interactions in alcohol research.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Sher, Kenneth J; Dick, Danielle M; Crabbe, John C; Hutchison, Kent E; O'Malley, Stephanie S; Heath, Andrew C
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Addiction biology
- PMID
- 20148780
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00189.x
- PMCID
- PMC2883915
This review article discusses the importance of identifying gene-environment interactions for understanding the etiology and course of alcohol use disorders and related conditions. A number of critical challenges are discussed, including the fact that there is no organizing typology for classifying different types of environmental exposures, many key human environmental risk factors for alcohol dependence have no clear equivalents in other species, much of the genetic variance of alcohol dependence in human is not 'alcohol specific', and the potential range of gene-environment interactions that could be considered is so vast that maintaining statistical control of Type 1 errors is a daunting task. Despite these and other challenges, there appears to be a number of promising approaches that could be taken in order to achieve consilience and ecologically valid translation between human alcohol dependence and animal models. Foremost among these is to distinguish environmental exposures that are thought to have enduring effects on alcohol use motivation (and self-regulation) from situational environmental exposures that facilitate the expression of such motivations but do not, by themselves, have enduring effects. In order to enhance consilience, various domains of human approach motivation should be considered so that relevant environmental exposures can be sampled, as well as the appropriate species to study them in (i.e. where such motivations are ecologically relevant). Foremost among these are social environments, which are central to the initiation and escalation of human alcohol consumption. The value of twin studies, human laboratory studies and pharmacogenetic studies is also highlighted.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 21st birthday celebrants local | cohort |
| ability to inhibit a prepotent response local | phenotype |
| ability to inhibit consumption local | phenotype |
| Acute exposure to stress local | phenotype |
| acute stress | phenotype |
| acute withdrawal | phenotype |
| addiction | phenotype |
| addiction-related phenomena local | phenotype |
| adolescent drinking | phenotype |
| adolescent rats | cohort |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adolescent substance use | phenotype |
| Adoption design local | cohort |
| adoption studies | cohort |
| Adoptive parent marital status local | phenotype |
| adult antisocial behavior | phenotype |
| Adult drinking local | phenotype |
| adult rats | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| Affect-potentiated startle local | phenotype |
| Affiliative behavior | phenotype |
| Agonistic behavior local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| Alcohol consumption-based phenotype local | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcohol-induced social facilitation local | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| alcohol preference | phenotype |
| Alcohol Problems | phenotype |
| Alcohol-related pathology local | phenotype |
| Alcohol risk genes local | gene |
| Alcohol seeking | phenotype |
| alcohol sensitivity | phenotype |
| alcohol stimulation | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| alcohol use disorders | phenotype |
| Alcohol use risk local | phenotype |
| animal local | cohort |
| animal models | cohort |
| antisocial personality disorder | phenotype |
| anxiety-like behavior | phenotype |
| appetitive motivation for alcohol local | phenotype |
| approach | phenotype |
| AUD | phenotype |
| autistic behavior local | phenotype |
| automatic approach tendencies toward alcohol local | phenotype |
| Autonomic stress reactivity local | phenotype |
| AVPR1A | gene |
| basolateral amygdala | anatomy |
| behavioral phenotypes | phenotype |
| binary phenotypes local | phenotype |
| Bosch et al., 2009 local | cohort |
| brain function | phenotype |
| Brattleboro rat local | cohort |
| C3H local | cohort |
| C57BL local | cohort |
| C57BL/6 dam (postnatal environment) local | cohort |
| C57BL/6J | cohort |
| caffeine | drug |
| cannabis dependence | phenotype |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| Children-of-twins designs local | cohort |
| Chrna4 | gene |
| chronic drug exposure local | phenotype |
| Classic twin design local | cohort |
| Clinical alcohol dependence local | phenotype |
| cocaine | phenotype |
| cognition | phenotype |
| Cognitive functioning deficits local | phenotype |
| Collegiate sample local | cohort |
| Common genetic factor (illicit) local | phenotype |
| Common genetic factor (licit) local | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| conformity motives local | phenotype |
| Continued substance use despite local | phenotype |
| Coping drinking motive local | phenotype |
| coping motives | phenotype |
| Cost local | phenotype |
| craving | phenotype |
| CRHR1 | gene |
| cue reactivity | phenotype |
| Culture local | phenotype |
| DBA/2 local | cohort |
| DBA/2 strain local | cohort |
| depressive behavior | phenotype |
| deviant behavior | phenotype |
| deviant peers | phenotype |
| Diminished ability to think or concentrate local | phenotype |
| disinhibition | phenotype |
| Disinhibitory problems local | phenotype |
| Dopamine circuits local | anatomy |
| dorsal striatum | anatomy |
| drinking | phenotype |
| drinking motivations local | phenotype |
| Drinking preference local | phenotype |
| drug | drug |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| drug motivation local | phenotype |
| drug reinstatement model local | cohort |
| drug-seeking behavior | phenotype |
| DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorder local | phenotype |
| Early adolescent behavior problems local | phenotype |
| Early alcohol drinking local | phenotype |
| early alcohol use | phenotype |
| Early deviant behavior local | phenotype |
| early drug exposures local | phenotype |
| early environmental exposure local | phenotype |
| early exposure to ethanol local | phenotype |
| enhancement motives | phenotype |
| enjoyment | phenotype |
| enriched environment local | phenotype |
| environmental exposures local | phenotype |
| ethanol consumption | phenotype |
| excessive alcohol consumption | phenotype |
| Excessive or inappropriate guilt local | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| exposure to drug cue local | phenotype |
| Extended twin-family designs local | cohort |
| externalizing behavior | phenotype |
| externalizing disorders | phenotype |
| extraversion | phenotype |
| family history of alcoholism | phenotype |
| Feelings of worthlessness local | phenotype |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | phenotype |
| Floating duration local | phenotype |
| Functional brain deficits local | phenotype |
| genetic variants | cohort |
| Group context local | phenotype |
| guilt | phenotype |
| GxE effects | phenotype |
| hallucinogen dependence local | phenotype |
| hallucinogens | drug |
| hangover | phenotype |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| high parental negativity local | phenotype |
| high paternal punitive discipline local | phenotype |
| human | cohort |
| human adolescents | cohort |
| Human adoption studies local | cohort |
| Human alcohol consumption local | phenotype |
| human alcoholics | phenotype |
| human laboratory models local | cohort |
| humans | cohort |
| hyperdipsia local | phenotype |
| hyperphagia | phenotype |
| hypothermia | phenotype |
| illicit drugs | phenotype |
| Imitative modeling local | phenotype |
| Impaired sustained attention local | phenotype |
| impoverished environment local | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| incentive salience | phenotype |
| Indecisiveness local | phenotype |
| inhibition/self-control local | phenotype |
| Isolated housing local | cohort |
| Late adolescent alcohol use local | phenotype |
| learning and memory | phenotype |
| licit drugs | drug |
| Licking local | phenotype |
| Low drinking local | phenotype |
| lower parental monitoring local | phenotype |
| low parental warmth local | phenotype |
| major depressive disorder | phenotype |
| Marriage effect local | phenotype |
| maternal behavior | phenotype |
| Maternal pup retrieval local | phenotype |
| Maximum number of drinks in a drinking day local | phenotype |
| mesocortical network local | anatomy |
| mesolimbic network local | anatomy |
| metabolism | phenotype |
| mice | cohort |
| monkeys | cohort |
| Montane vole | cohort |
| motivation | phenotype |
| motivation to consume alcohol local | phenotype |
| naltrexone | drug |
| negative affect | phenotype |
| Negative affect/stress local | phenotype |
| negative affect urgency local | phenotype |
| negative mood | phenotype |
| neurobiological variables local | phenotype |
| neurocognitive abilities local | phenotype |
| neuroticism | phenotype |
| neurotoxic effects | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| Nonhuman animals local | cohort |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| Opiate antagonists local | drug |
| opiates | drug |
| opioid dependence | phenotype |
| OPRM1 | cohort |
| OPRM1 +118A allele local | variant |
| OPRM1 +118G allele local | variant |
| OPRM1 A118G | cohort |
| oxytocin | drug |
| pair bonding | phenotype |
| parental alcoholism | phenotype |
| Parental neglect local | phenotype |
| Parenthood local | phenotype |
| Passive avoidance | phenotype |
| Passive stress-coping local | phenotype |
| paternal alcohol use disorder | phenotype |
| paternal care | phenotype |
| Peer associates who use alcohol local | phenotype |
| peer-rearing local | phenotype |
| Peers' substance use local | phenotype |
| peer use | phenotype |
| persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use local | phenotype |
| Persistent desire to cut down or control substance use local | phenotype |
| Persistent neurologic damage local | phenotype |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physical stressors local | phenotype |
| Play fighting local | phenotype |
| positive mood | phenotype |
| Prairie vole | cohort |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| punishment system local | phenotype |
| rare environmental exposure local | phenotype |
| rats | cohort |
| Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide local | phenotype |
| Reinforcement schedules local | phenotype |
| relapse | phenotype |
| Religious beliefs local | phenotype |
| reward system | anatomy |
| rodents | cohort |
| Rodent species local | cohort |
| sedative dependence | phenotype |
| sedatives | drug |
| self-control processes local | phenotype |
| self-regulatory system local | phenotype |
| Sibling designs local | cohort |
| SLC6A4 | gene |
| small cohorts of individuals local | cohort |
| SNP | cohort |
| social behavior | phenotype |
| Social housing local | cohort |
| Social interaction | phenotype |
| social isolation | phenotype |
| social motives local | phenotype |
| Social reinforcement local | phenotype |
| Solitary context local | phenotype |
| Startle reflex local | phenotype |
| stimulant | drug |
| stimulant dependence | phenotype |
| stress | phenotype |
| stress-induced alcohol consumption local | phenotype |
| stressors | phenotype |
| Structural brain deficits local | phenotype |
| substance | phenotype |
| substance pathology local | phenotype |
| Substance-specific genetic factor (caffeine) local | phenotype |
| Substance-specific genetic factor (nicotine) local | phenotype |
| substance use | phenotype |
| substance use continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem local | phenotype |
| substance use disorder diagnoses local | phenotype |
| synaptic plasticity | phenotype |
| tolerance | phenotype |
| translational phenotypes local | phenotype |
| traumatic stress | phenotype |
| vasopressin | drug |
| ventral tegmental area | anatomy |
| vulnerability | phenotype |
| water | drug |
| working memory | phenotype |
| young adults | cohort |
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