Gender differences in factors influencing alcohol use and drinking progression among adolescents.
- Authors
- Schulte, Marya T; Ramo, Danielle; Brown, Sandra A
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Clinical psychology review
- PMID
- 19592147
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.06.003
- PMCID
- PMC2756494
While prevalence rates for alcohol use and related disorders differ widely between adult men and women, male and female adolescents do not exhibit the same disparity in alcohol consumption. Previous research and reviews do not address the emergence of differences in drinking patterns that occur during late adolescence. Therefore, a developmental perspective is presented for understanding how various risk and protective factors associated with problematic drinking affect diverging alcohol trajectories as youth move into young adulthood. This review examines factors associated with risk for developing an alcohol use disorder in adolescent girls and boys separately. Findings indicate that certain biological (i.e., genetic risk, neurological abnormalities associated with P300 amplitudes) and psychosocial (i.e., impact of positive drinking expectancies, personality characteristics, and deviance proneness) factors appear to impact boys and girls similarly. In contrast, physiological and social changes particular to adolescence appear to differentially affect boys and girls as they transition into adulthood. Specifically, boys begin to manifest a constellation of factors that place them at greater risk for disruptive drinking: low response to alcohol, later maturation in brain structures and executive function, greater estimates of perceived peer alcohol use, and socialization into traditional gender roles. On an individual level, interventions which challenge media-driven stereotypes of gender roles while simultaneously reinforcing personal values are suggested as a way to strengthen adolescent autonomy in terms of healthy drinking decisions. Moreover, parents and schools must improve consistency in rules and consequences regarding teen drinking across gender to avoid mixed messages about acceptable alcohol use for boys and girls.
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| 40 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Alcohol sensitivity | Additional conclusions can be drawn regarding gender differences in alcohol sensitivity by examiningβ¦ |
| 41 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Alcohol sensitivity | Overall, it appears that there is consistent evidence regarding the variation in reactivity toβ¦ |
| 42 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | Neurocognitive characteristics have been posited as both a risk factor preceding the development ofβ¦ |
| 43 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | The prefrontal cortex has been identified as the primary neural substrate necessary for theβ¦ |
| 44 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | Nigg and colleaguesβ (2004) prospective study investigated high-risk boys prior to the onset ofβ¦ |
| 45 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | Since these findings appear somewhat divergent, neurocognitive functioning can be elucidated byβ¦ |
| 46 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | Recent imaging data of adolescent male and female brains also indicate gender differences inβ¦ |
| 47 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | 14.0 years in boys (Geidd, 2008). Geidd (2008) purports that these differences in the trajectoriesβ¦ |
| 48 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Hormonal and Physiological Change β Neurocognitive Development | Overall then, there appears to be support for a relationship between executive functioning and AUDsβ¦ |
| 49 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes | As adolescents move beyond their family environment, the socialization process presents pronouncedβ¦ |
| 50 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Family Environment/Parental Monitoring | Families influence adolescent drinking in a number of important ways. Parents can model alcohol use,β¦ |
| 51 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Family Environment/Parental Monitoring | There are gender differences in the extent to which parental variables influence adolescentβ¦ |
| 52 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Peer Relationships | Peer relationships have been identified as a key risk factor in the progression of alcohol use amongβ¦ |
| 53 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Peer Relationships | A closer look at the role of parental support and consistency of discipline as a moderator in theβ¦ |
| 54 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Peer Relationships | Normal social development is marked by increased independence from the home as adolescents moveβ¦ |
| 55 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Peer Relationships | use, and subsequently, whether these perceptions differentially impacted personal use for male andβ¦ |
| 56 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Peer Relationships | In sum, both immediate deviant peer groups and more distal beliefs about the drinking behaviors of aβ¦ |
| 57 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Socialization and Gender Roles | Related to the influence of peer group affiliation is the process of socialization and genderβ¦ |
| 58 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Socialization and Gender Roles | effects were stronger among adolescent males. Just as parental monitoring, deviant peer groups, andβ¦ |
| 59 | Risk Factors Influencing Divergent Drinking Trajectories β Socialization Processes β Socialization and Gender Roles | Research in gender role identity indicates that youth differ in the degree to which they internalizeβ¦ |
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