Genetic influences on adolescent behavior.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Dick, Danielle M; Adkins, Amy E; Kuo, Sally I-Chun
- Year
- 2016
- Journal
- Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
- PMID
- 27422449
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.007
- PMCID
- PMC5074858
Adolescence is a transitional, developmental phase with marked shifts in behavior, particularly as related to risk-taking and experimentation. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior also show marked changes across this developmental period; in fact, adolescence showcases the dynamic nature of genetic influences on human behavior. Using the twin studies literature on alcohol use and misuse, we highlight several principles of genetic influence on adolescent behavior. We illustrate how genetic influences change (increase) across adolescence, as individuals have more freedom to express their predispositions and to shape their social worlds. We show how there are multiple genetic pathways to risk, and how the environment can moderate the importance of genetic predispositions. Finally, we review the literature aimed at identifying specific genes involved in adolescent behavior and understanding how identified genes impact adolescent outcomes. Ultimately, understanding how genetic predispositions combine with environmental influences to impact pathways of risk and resilience should be translated into improved prevention and intervention efforts; this remains a rich area for future research.
Data from the Finnish twin studies demonstrating the changing degree of genetic and environmental influences across adolescence (Rose et al., 2001a; Rose et al., 2001b): genetic influences become more important, and common environmental influences become less important.
Changing influences on age 14 smoking frequency as a function of parental monitoring (Dick et al., 2007b). As parental monitoring increases, genetic influences become less important, and common environmental influences become more important.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Introduction | Adolescence represents a critical link between childhood and adulthood. It is a developmental period… |
| 1 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies | There are several methods that have been used to study genetic influences on behavior, including… |
| 2 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies | 100% of their genetic variation and all of their shared environment when reared together. Dizygotic… |
| 3 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies | The twin methodology can be applied to the study of virtually any behavior of interest, and probably… |
| 4 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies | But these static heritability estimates fail to capture the dynamic nature of genetic effects. While… |
| 5 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 1: Genetic influences change in importance across adolescence | Alcohol use is a common form of risky behavior in adolescence, and alcohol use is a developmental… |
| 6 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 1: Genetic influences change in importance across adolescence | of binge drinking (having 5+ drinks at least once in the past two weeks) increases substantially… |
| 7 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 1: Genetic influences change in importance across adolescence | In the same way that alcohol use behavior shows dynamic change across the period of adolescence,… |
| 8 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 1: Genetic influences change in importance across adolescence | genetic factors assume increasing importance; however, alcohol use early in adolescence is… |
| 9 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 1: Genetic influences change in importance across adolescence | This shift in the importance of genetic influences on alcohol use outcomes has also been… |
| 10 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 2: There are multiple pathways of genetic risk | These dynamic shifts in the importance of genetic effects become even more complex when viewed in… |
| 11 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 2: There are multiple pathways of genetic risk | genetic influences on alcohol dependence is shared with these other disorders, with only ~35% of the… |
| 12 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 2: There are multiple pathways of genetic risk | The interesting thing is that longitudinal studies indicate that the relative importance of the… |
| 13 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 2: There are multiple pathways of genetic risk | This shift in the relative importance of nonspecific genetic factors that happens across adolescence… |
| 14 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 3: The environment moderates the importance of genetic influences | Adolescence is a rich area for studying gene-environment interaction since there are so many shifts… |
| 15 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 3: The environment moderates the importance of genetic influences | impacting adolescent smoking, whereas in homes with very high parental monitoring, genetic effects… |
| 16 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 3: The environment moderates the importance of genetic influences | reflect differences in availability of alcohol, a range of possible different role models,… |
| 17 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 3: The environment moderates the importance of genetic influences | Further, it is likely that the importance of different environments as moderators of genetic effects… |
| 18 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 4: Our genetic predispositions shape our behavior in part by influencing our environments | Separating etiological risk factors into genetic and environmental factors is in some ways a… |
| 19 | Basic methodology of genetic epidemiology: an overview of twin studies — Principle 4: Our genetic predispositions shape our behavior in part by influencing our environments | et al., 2008a; McGue et al., 2006) and these genetic influences on peer group deviance increase… |
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