Genetic influences on adolescent behavior.
- Authors
- Dick, Danielle M; Adkins, Amy E; Kuo, Sally I-Chun
- Year
- 2016
- Journal
- Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
- PMID
- 27422449
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.007
- PMCID
- PMC5074858
Adolescence is a transitional, developmental phase with marked shifts in behavior, particularly as related to risk-taking and experimentation. Genetic influences on adolescent behavior also show marked changes across this developmental period; in fact, adolescence showcases the dynamic nature of genetic influences on human behavior. Using the twin studies literature on alcohol use and misuse, we highlight several principles of genetic influence on adolescent behavior. We illustrate how genetic influences change (increase) across adolescence, as individuals have more freedom to express their predispositions and to shape their social worlds. We show how there are multiple genetic pathways to risk, and how the environment can moderate the importance of genetic predispositions. Finally, we review the literature aimed at identifying specific genes involved in adolescent behavior and understanding how identified genes impact adolescent outcomes. Ultimately, understanding how genetic predispositions combine with environmental influences to impact pathways of risk and resilience should be translated into improved prevention and intervention efforts; this remains a rich area for future research.
Data from the Finnish twin studies demonstrating the changing degree of genetic and environmental influences across adolescence (Rose et al., 2001a; Rose et al., 2001b): genetic influences become more important, and common environmental influences become less important.
Changing influences on age 14 smoking frequency as a function of parental monitoring (Dick et al., 2007b). As parental monitoring increases, genetic influences become less important, and common environmental influences become more important.
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