ADH1B is associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption in populations of European and African ancestry.
paper
Primary
Public
- Authors
- Bierut, L J; Goate, A M; Breslau, N; Johnson, E O; Bertelsen, S; Fox, L; Agrawal, A; Bucholz, K K; Grucza, R; Hesselbrock, V; Kramer, J; Kuperman, S; Nurnberger, J; Porjesz, B; Saccone, N L; Schuckit, M; Tischfield, J; Wang, J C; Foroud, T; Rice, J P; Edenberg, H J
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Molecular psychiatry
- PMID
- 21968928
- DOI
- 10.1038/mp.2011.124
- PMCID
- PMC3252425
A coding variant in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) (rs1229984) that leads to the replacement of Arg48 with His48 is common in Asian populations and reduces their risk for alcoholism, but because of very low allele frequencies the effects in European or African populations have been difficult to detect. We genotyped and analyzed this variant in three large European and African-American case-control studies in which alcohol dependence was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria, and demonstrated a strong protective effect of the His48 variant (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24, 0.48) on alcohol dependence, with genome-wide significance (6.6 Γ 10(-10)). The hypothesized mechanism of action involves an increased aversive reaction to alcohol; in keeping with this hypothesis, the same allele is strongly associated with a lower maximum number of drinks in a 24-hour period (lifetime), with P=3 Γ 10(-13). We also tested the effects of this allele on the development of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults, and demonstrated a significantly protective effect. This variant has the strongest effect on risk for alcohol dependence compared with any other tested variant in European populations.
Adjusted estimate of the age at onset of alcohol dependence among N=2039 adolescent and young adult ever drinkers of European-American descent.*Survival estimates from proportional hazards regression model adjusted for gender and age. Shaded areas represent the 95% confidence intervals for each estimate
β Prev
21β28 of 28
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction. | Shen W et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Ethnic Demographic Shifts and the Rise in Early-Onset Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Malignancies in the United States. | Chiao E et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Multi-Omics Profiling of Individuals Sustaining Extreme Physical Stressors. | Sakharkar A et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The interaction between candidate SNPs and social factors significantly influences the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in Chinese young male adults. | Ju N et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Unraveling the interplay between cardiovascular diseases and alcohol use disorder: A bioinformatics and network-based exploration of shared molecular pathways and key biomarkers validation via western blot analysis. | Moon KZ et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| ADH1B, the adipocyte-enriched alcohol dehydrogenase, plays an essential, cell-autonomous role in human adipogenesis. | Gautheron J et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| An evolutionary perspective on complex neuropsychiatric disease. | McClellan JM et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Associations of ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol flushing with drinking history, withdrawal symptoms, and ICD-10 criteria in Japanese alcohol-dependent men. | Yokoyama A et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Human genetics and epigenetics of alcohol use disorder. | Zhou H et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Risk and Resilience Variants in the Retinoic Acid Metabolic and Developmental Pathways Associated with Risk of FASD Outcomes. | McKay L et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Whole exome sequencing analysis identifies genes for alcohol consumption. | Kang J et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| <i>ADH1B</i>, <i>ADH1B/C</i> and <i>CYP2E1</i> Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. | Kukowka A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Implementing Core Genes and an Omnigenic Model for Behaviour Traits Prediction in Genomics. | Rancelis T et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mind The Gap: Differences in Alcohol Use Screening And Discussions Among Adults Comparing Asian American And Other Racial And Ethnic Subgroups in the United States, 2015-2019. | Mauro PM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Predictive risk markers in alcoholism. | NiemelΓ€ O | β | 2023 | β |
| The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Genetics. | Johnson EC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review. | Tsermpini EE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of Alcohol Use Disorder Risk With <i>ADH1B, DRD2, FAAH, SLC39A8, GCKR</i>, and <i>PDYN</i> Genetic Polymorphisms. | Legaki E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of PDYN 68-bp VNTR polymorphism with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and with opioid or alcohol use disorder: Effect on craving, depression, anxiety and age onset of first use. | Kaya-AkyΓΌzlΓΌ D et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetic diversity fuels gene discovery for tobacco and alcohol use. | Saunders GRB et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genome-wide meta-analysis of alcohol use disorder in East Asians. | Zhou H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genomic analyses of 10,376 individuals in the Westlake BioBank for Chinese (WBBC) pilot project. | Cong PK et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Multiomics study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | Sveinbjornsson G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Paternal alcohol exposure has task- and sex-dependent behavioral effect in offspring. | Nieto SJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Positive selection acts on regulatory genetic variants in populations of European ancestry that affect ALDH2 gene expression. | Schaschl H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. | Nonterah EA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Signatures of Convergent Evolution and Natural Selection at the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Region are Correlated with Agriculture in Ethnically Diverse Africans. | McQuillan MA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Variance-quantitative trait loci enable systematic discovery of gene-environment interactions for cardiometabolic serum biomarkers. | Westerman KE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Alcohol dependence running in a family. | Arya A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Alcohol in Psoriasis-From Bench to Bedside. | Szentkereszty-KovΓ‘cs Z et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Associations of Alcohol Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease-Related Proteomic Biomarkers: The Framingham Heart Study. | Sun X et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Characterization of alcohol polygenic risk scores in the context of mental health outcomes: Within-individual and intergenerational analyses in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. | Easey KE et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Differential expression and transcription factor binding associated with genotype at a pharmacogenetic variant in <i>OPRD1</i>. | Crist RC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Exploring the Role of Alcohol Metabolizing Genotypes in a 12-Week Clinical Trial of Naltrexone for Alcohol Use Disorder. | Castaldelli-Maia JM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetic Variants of Alcohol Metabolizing Enzymes and Alcohol-Related Liver Cirrhosis Risk. | Ayuso P et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genome-wide admixture mapping of DSM-IV alcohol dependence, criterion count, and the self-rating of the effects of ethanol in African American populations. | Lai D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder. | Mahajan VR et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The impact of removing former drinkers from genome-wide association studies of AUDIT-C. | Dao C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The influence of regression models on genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence: a comparison of binary and quantitative analyses. | Li W et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Understanding the effect of smoking and drinking behavior on Parkinson's disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study. | DomΓnguez-BaleΓ³n C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Using Genetic Marginal Effects to Study Gene-Environment Interactions with GWAS Data. | Verhulst B et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A Family-Based Genome Wide Association Study of Externalizing Behaviors. | Barr PB et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Association between rs1229984 in ADH1B and cancer prevalence in a Japanese population. | Govind P et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Comprehensive genomic analysis of dietary habits in UK Biobank identifies hundreds of genetic associations. | Cole JB et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Differentiating Types of Self-Reported Alcohol Abstinence. | Gordon KS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Functional validity, role, and implications of heavy alcohol consumption genetic loci. | Thompson A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Machine learning enables new insights into clinical significance of and genetic contributions to liver fat accumulation | Haas ME et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Recent advances in genetic studies of alcohol use disorders. | Gupta I et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The Shared Genetic Basis of Hyperuricemia, Gout, and Kidney Function. | Leask MP et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Translational Molecular Approaches in Substance Abuse Research. | Fulton SL et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Association between polygenic risk for tobacco or alcohol consumption and liability to licit and illicit substance use in young Australian adults. | Chang LH et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphism rs1789891 with gray matter brain volume, alcohol consumption, alcohol craving and relapse risk. | Bach P et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Associations between polygenic risk for tobacco and alcohol use and liability to tobacco and alcohol use, and psychiatric disorders in an independent sample of 13,999 Australian adults. | Chang LH et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use. | Liu M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Beyond genome-wide significance: integrative approaches to the interpretation and extension of GWAS findings for alcohol use disorder. | Salvatore JE et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetic evidence for assortative mating on alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank. | Howe LJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetics of Alcoholism. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in Two Population-Based Cohorts. | Sanchez-Roige S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence in male Han Chinese and cross-ethnic polygenic risk score comparison. | Sun Y et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| GWAS of Behavioral Traits. | Mehta D et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Intergenerational Effects of Alcohol: A Review of Paternal Preconception Ethanol Exposure Studies and Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Male Germline. | Rompala GR et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample. | Johnson EC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The LRP6 functional mutation rs2302685 contributes to individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver injury related to the Wnt/Ξ²-catenin-TCF1-CYP2E1 signaling pathway. | Xu Y et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| What is the effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of chronic widespread pain? A Mendelian randomisation study using UK Biobank. | Beasley M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| ADH1B: From alcoholism, natural selection, and cancer to the human phenome. | Polimanti R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Alcohol Metabolizing Polygenic Risk for Alcohol Consumption in European American College Students. | Thomas NS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A multiple mediator analysis approach to quantify the effects of the ADH1B and ALDH2 genes on hepatocellular carcinoma risk. | Shih S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor polymorphisms in alcohol use disorder in the GWAS era. | Koulentaki M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Role for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells? | Prytkova I et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Human Genetics of Addiction: New Insights and Future Directions. | Hancock DB et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Post-GWAS in Psychiatric Genetics: A Developmental Perspective on the "Other" Next Steps. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Risk Locus Identification Ties Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms to SORCS2. | Smith AH et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Robust Findings From 25Β Years of PTSD Genetics Research. | Duncan LE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Severity of alcohol dependence is associated with the fatty acid amide hydrolase Pro129Thr missense variant. | Sloan ME et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Slow-metabolizing ADH1B and inactive heterozygous ALDH2 increase vulnerability to fatty liver in Japanese men with alcohol dependence. | Yokoyama A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The Relationship between Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Sleep Duration among Black and White Men and Women in the United States. | Jackson CL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. | Walters RK et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Understanding the role of bitter taste perception in coffee, tea and alcohol consumption through Mendelian randomization. | Ong JS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A Combination of NaltrexoneΒ +Β Varenicline Retards the Expression of a Genetic Predisposition Toward High Alcohol Drinking. | Froehlich JC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alcohol, microbiome, life style influence alcohol and non-alcoholic organ damage. | Neuman MG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Analysis of the Association of Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms in ADH Genes with Hazardous Drinking in HIV-1-Positive Individuals. | Wolf JM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction. | Shen W et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Excessive alcohol consumption increases mortality in later life: a genetic analysis of the health in men cohort study. | Almeida OP et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. | Treutlein J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study. | Jorgenson E et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetics of alcohol consumption in Drosophila melanogaster. | Fochler S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic studies of alcohol dependence in the context of the addiction cycle. | Reilly MT et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic variants in ALDH1B1 and alcohol dependence risk in a British and Irish population: A bioinformatic and genetic study. | Way MJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and genetic overlap with other health-related traits in UK Biobank (N=112β117). | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Interrelationship between family history of alcoholism and generational status in the prediction of alcohol dependence in US Hispanics. | Chartier KG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Review: Use of Asian samples in genetic research of alcohol use disorders: Genetic variation of alcohol metabolizing enzymes and the effects of acetaldehyde. | Matsushita S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver disease. | Stickel F et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The Impact of Peer Substance Use and Polygenic Risk on Trajectories of Heavy Episodic Drinking Across Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. | Li JJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Validating Harmful Alcohol Use as a Phenotype for Genetic Discovery Using Phosphatidylethanol and a Polymorphism in ADH1B. | Justice AC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| ADH1B and CDH1 polymorphisms predict prognosis in male patients with non-metastatic laryngeal cancer. | Li D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| A Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Stimulant and Opioid Use Disorders. | Jensen KP | β | 2016 | β |
| Association between alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. | Mao N et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Biology, Genetics, and Environment: Underlying Factors Influencing Alcohol Metabolism. | Wall TL et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Causal Role of Alcohol Consumption in an Improved Lipid Profile: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. | Vu KN et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and the development of adolescent alcohol problems: A prospective, population-based study of Swedish twins. | Quinn PD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Evidence of CNIH3 involvement in opioid dependence. | Nelson EC et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genetics of Substance Use Disorders. | Yu C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Interactions Between Alcohol Metabolism Genes and Religious Involvement in Association With Maximum Drinks and Alcohol Dependence Symptoms. | Chartier KG et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product Ξ²-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference. | Schumann G et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Meta-Analyses of Genome-Wide Association Data Hold New Promise for Addiction Genetics. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Overview of the Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder. | Tawa EA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Which alcohol use disorder criteria contribute to the association of ADH1B with alcohol dependence? | Hart AB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Black-White differences in the relationship between alcohol drinking patterns and mortality among US men and women. | Jackson CL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Candidate gene-environment interaction research: reflections and recommendations. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Childhood adversity moderates the effect of ADH1B on risk for alcohol-related phenotypes in Jewish Israeli drinkers. | Meyers JL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. | BΓΌhler KM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Drinking beyond a lifetime: New and emerging insights into paternal alcohol exposure on subsequent generations. | Finegersh A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Gene network analysis shows immune-signaling and ERK1/2 as novel genetic markers for multiple addiction phenotypes: alcohol, smoking and opioid addiction. | Reyes-Gibby CC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic variants in or near ADH1B and ADH1C affect susceptibility to alcohol dependence in a British and Irish population. | Way M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genomewide Association Study for Maximum Number of Alcoholic Drinks in European Americans and African Americans. | Xu K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Impact of multiple Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms on risk of laryngeal, esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers in Chinese Han population. | An J et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Increased alcohol consumption as a cause of alcoholism, without similar evidence for depression: a Mendelian randomization study. | Wium-Andersen MK et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| One Size Doesn't Fit All: Measuring Individual Privacy in Aggregate Genomic Data. | Simmons S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Polymorphisms in early neurodevelopmental genes affect natural variation in alcohol sensitivity in adult drosophila. | Morozova TV et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Sex-specific differences in the association of a common aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene polymorphism and alcohol consumption with stroke risk in a Korean population: a prospective cohort study. | Shin C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The ADH gene cluster SNP rs1789891 and temperamental dimensions in patients with alcohol dependence and affective disorders. | Oniszczenko W et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The role of conduct disorder in the relationship between alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use disorders. | Grant JD et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| A brief history of research on the genetics of alcohol and other drug use disorders. | Schuckit MA | β | 2014 | β |
| ADH1B Arg48His allele frequency map: filling in the gap for Central Europe. | Treutlein J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in older men: a mendelian randomization study. | Almeida OP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol consumption and cognitive performance: a Mendelian randomization study. | Kumari M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between ADH1B and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder and criteria. | Kilcoyne B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| ALDH2*2 but not ADH1B*2 is a causative variant gene allele for Asian alcohol flushing after a low-dose challenge: correlation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic findings. | Peng GS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| An ADH1B variant and peer drinking in progression to adolescent drinking milestones: evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction. | Olfson E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data. | Holmes MV et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Association of genes involved in calcium and potassium pathways with opioid dependence. | Wang JC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gene-environment interaction. | Manuck SB et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic influences on response to alcohol and response to pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. | Enoch MA | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetics and genomics of alcohol sensitivity. | Morozova TV et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetics of alcoholism. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic variant of single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | Ye B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence:significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci. | Gelernter J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Novel QTL at chromosome 6p22 for alcohol consumption: Implications for the genetic liability of alcohol use disorders. | Kos MZ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Single nucleotide polymorphism at alcohol dehydrogenase-1B is associated with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | Ye B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Single-nucleotide polymorphisms interact to affect ADH7 transcription. | Jairam S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The Genetics, Neurogenetics and Pharmacogenetics of Addiction. | Demers CH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The joint effects of ADH1B variants and childhood adversity on alcohol related phenotypes in African-American and European-American women and men. | Sartor CE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The triangular association of ADH1B genetic polymorphism, alcohol consumption and the risk of depression in older men. | Almeida OP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Using genetic information from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies in risk prediction for alcohol dependence. | Yan J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Variants near CHRNB3-CHRNA6 are associated with DSM-5 cocaine use disorder: evidence for pleiotropy. | Sadler B et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol-metabolizing genes and alcohol phenotypes in an Israeli household sample. | Meyers JL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies to identify novel loci for maximum number of alcoholic drinks. | Kapoor M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Common biological networks underlie genetic risk for alcoholism in African- and European-American populations. | Kos MZ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic influences on the development of alcoholism. | Enoch MA | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetics and alcoholism. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring cognition and school performance. A 'Mendelian randomization' natural experiment. | Zuccolo L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring. | Vrieze SI et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association of alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms and life-style factors with excessive alcohol intake within the Spanish population (EPIC-Spain). | MuΓ±oz X et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Convergence of genome-wide association and candidate gene studies for alcoholism. | Olfson E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genes contributing to the development of alcoholism: an overview. | Edenberg HJ | β | 2012 | β |
| Genes encoding enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism. | Hurley TD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications. | Sullivan PF et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Identifying genetic variation for alcohol dependence. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Measuring alcohol consumption for genomic meta-analyses of alcohol intake: opportunities and challenges. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetic basis of addictive disorders. | Ducci F et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of addiction-a translational perspective. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of substance dependence. | Wang JC et al. | β | 2012 | β |