The incentive salience of alcohol: translating the effects of genetic variant in CNR1.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Hutchison, Kent E; Haughey, Heather; Niculescu, Michelle; Schacht, Joe; Kaiser, Alan; Stitzel, Jerry; Horton, William J; Filbey, Francesca
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 18606956
- DOI
- 10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.841
- PMCID
- PMC2856651
CONTEXT: The gene that codes for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) represents an important target for investigations designed to elucidate individual differences in the etiology of alcohol dependence. OBJECTIVE: To achieve a better understanding of the role of the CNR1 gene in the etiology and treatment of alcohol dependence. DESIGN: The present investigation spans multiple levels of analysis, including receptor binding in postmortem brain tissue, neuroimaging, human laboratory models, and analyses of treatment outcome data. RESULTS: Findings indicate that the C allele of rs2023239 is associated with greater CB1 binding in the prefrontal cortex, greater alcohol cue-elicited brain activation in the midbrain and prefrontal cortex, greater subjective reward when consuming alcohol, and more positive outcomes after treatment with a medication that targets the mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry. In addition, there were strong correlations between cue-elicited brain activation and alcohol consumption measures in individuals with the C allele. CONCLUSION: Individuals with the C allele may be more susceptible to changes in the mesocorticolimbic neurocircuitry that is involved in the attribution of incentive salience after repeated exposure to alcohol.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 0.1X buffer local | drug |
| Active medication local | drug |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| alcohol-related problems | phenotype |
| Alcohol reward | phenotype |
| Alcohol urge questionnaire | phenotype |
| Alcohol Urge Questionnaire score local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score local | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test | phenotype |
| anorexia nervosa | phenotype |
| antipsychotics | drug |
| AUDIT | phenotype |
| behavioral phenotypes | phenotype |
| bipolar disorder | phenotype |
| bovine serum albumin | drug |
| brain activation to rewarding stimuli local | phenotype |
| Breath alcohol level | phenotype |
| Brodmann area 10 | anatomy |
| Brodmann area 9 | anatomy |
| bulimia nervosa | phenotype |
| calcium chloride | drug |
| CB1 receptor | drug |
| CB1 receptor binding local | phenotype |
| CB1 receptor levels local | phenotype |
| CC genotype local | variant |
| clinical phenotypes | phenotype |
| Cnr1 | gene |
| CNR1 CT genotype local | variant |
| CNR1 TT genotype local | variant |
| control | cohort |
| CP55,940 local | drug |
| craving | phenotype |
| CT genotype local | variant |
| CT genotype individuals local | cohort |
| CT group local | cohort |
| Cue-elicited craving local | phenotype |
| cue reactivity | phenotype |
| Cyproheptadine hydrochloride local | drug |
| DRD4 | gene |
| DRD4 VNTR | variant |
| drink 1 local | drug |
| drink 2 local | drug |
| drink 3 local | drug |
| drinking | phenotype |
| drinks per week | phenotype |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| drugs | drug |
| drug-seeking behavior | phenotype |
| Fluorocarbon resin local | drug |
| Gatorade local | drug |
| genetic variants | cohort |
| Greater reward local | phenotype |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| HEPES | drug |
| high | phenotype |
| hypotonic buffer local | drug |
| illicit drugs | phenotype |
| incentive salience | phenotype |
| Inotech Biosystems local | cohort |
| Juice local | drug |
| Litchi juice local | drug |
| male white alcoholics local | cohort |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| matched controls | cohort |
| medication | drug |
| Mesocorticolimbic system | anatomy |
| MgSO4 | drug |
| moderate to heavy drinkers local | phenotype |
| Moderate to heavy nonβtreatmentβseeking drinkers local | cohort |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| Motivation for change local | phenotype |
| NAcc | anatomy |
| NAcc/ventral striatum local | anatomy |
| neuroimaging phenotypes local | phenotype |
| neuronal activation after alcohol cue challenge local | phenotype |
| nonspecific binding local | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| Olanzapine trial local | cohort |
| OPRM1 | cohort |
| OPRM1 A/G SNP local | variant |
| orbitofrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Orbitofrontal Cortex (left) local | anatomy |
| participants | cohort |
| Perkin Elmer local | cohort |
| PFC | anatomy |
| placebo beverage | drug |
| positive affect | phenotype |
| potassium chloride | drug |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| previous clinical trial local | cohort |
| Psychosocial treatment local | drug |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| reward | phenotype |
| reward and positive affect local | phenotype |
| Reward from alcoholic beverages local | phenotype |
| right orbitofrontal cortex | anatomy |
| rs2023239 | variant |
| schizophrenia | phenotype |
| Self-reported high local | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| subjective craving local | phenotype |
| subjective effects of alcohol consumption local | phenotype |
| substance abuse | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| treatment outcome differences local | phenotype |
| Trial participants local | cohort |
| tritium-labeled CP55,940 local | drug |
| TT genotype | variant |
| TT group local | cohort |
| urge to drink | phenotype |
| ventral tegmental area | anatomy |
| ventromedial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| volunteers | cohort |
| VTA | anatomy |
| whites | cohort |
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